To Satan

Giosuè Carducci (1835–1907), translated by Frank Sewall · 1893

dactylic dimeter · 180 lines · from Poems of Giosuè Carducci

To thee my verses,Unbridled and daring,Shall mount, O Satan,King of the banquet.

Away with thy sprinkling,O Priest, and thy droning,For never shall Satan,O Priest, stand behind thee.

See how the rust isGnawing the mysticalSword of St. Michael;And how the faithful

Wind-plucked archangelFalls into emptiness!Frozen the thunder inHand of Jehovah.

Like to pale meteors, orPlanets exhausted,Out of the firmamentRain down the angels.

Here in the matterWhich never sleeps,King of phenomena,King of all forms,

Thou, Satan, livest!Thine is the empireFelt in the dark eyes'Tremulous flashing,

Whether their languishingGlances resist, or,Glittering and tearful, theyCall and invite.

How shine the clustersWith happy blood,So that the furiousJoy may not perish!

So that the languishingLove be restored,And sorrow be banishedAnd love be increased!

Thy breath, O Satan,My verses inspiresWhen from my bosomThe gods I defy

Of Kings pontifical,Of Kings inhuman:Thine is the lightning thatSets minds to shaking.

For thee Arimane,Adonis, Astarte;For thee lived the marbles,The pictures, the parchments,

When the fair VenusAnadiomeneBlessed the IonianHeavens serene.

For thee were roaring theForests of Lebanon,Of the fair CyprianLover reborn;

For thee rose the chorus,For thee raved the dances,For thee the pure shiningLoves of the virgins,

Under the sweet-odouredPalms of Idume,Where break in white foamThe Cyprian waves.

What if the barbarousNazarene fury,Fed by the base ritesOf secret feastings,

Lights sacred torchesTo burn down the temples,Scattering abroadThe scrolls hieroglyphic?

In thee find refugeThe humble-roofed plebs,Who have not forgottenThe gods of their household.

Thence comes the power,Fervid and loving, that,Filling the quick-throbbingBosom of woman,

Turns to the succourOf nature enfeebled,A sorceress pallid,With endless care laden.

Thou to the trance-holdenEye of the alchemist,Thou to the view of theBigoted mago,

Showest the lightning-flashOf the new timeShining behind the darkBars of the cloister.

Seeking to fly from theeHere in the world-life,Hides him the gloomy monkIn Theban deserts.

O soul that wanderestFar from the straight way,Satan is merciful.See Héloïsa!

In vain you wear yourselfThin in rough gown; IStill murmur the versesOf Maro and Flaccus

Amid the DavidicPsalming and wailing;And—Delphic figuresClose to thy side—

Rosy, amid the darkCowls of the friars,Enters Licorida,Enters Glicera.

Then other imagesOf days more fairCome to dwell with theeIn thy secret cell.

Lo! from the pages ofLivy, the TribunesAll ardent, the Consuls,The crowds tumultuous,

Awake; and the fantasticPride of ItalianDrives thee, O Monk,Up to the Capitol;

And you, whom the flamingPyre never melted,Conjuring voices,Wiclif and Huss,

Send to the broad breezeThe cry of the watchman:“The age renews itself;Full is the time!”

Already trembleThe mitres and crowns.Forth from the cloisterMoves the rebellion.

Under his stole, see,Fighting and preaching,Brother GirolamoSavonarola.

Off goes the tunicOf Martin Luther;Off go the fettersThat bound human thought.

It flashes and lightens,Girdled with flame.Matter, exalt thyself!Satan has won!

A fair and terribleMonster unchainedCourses the oceans,Courses the earth;

Flashing and smoking,Like the volcanoes, heClimbs over mountains,Ravages plains,

Skims the abysses;Then he is lostIn unknown cavernsAnd ways profound,

Till lo! unconquered,From shore to shore,Like to the whirlwind,He sends forth his cry.

Like to the whirlwindSpreading its wings...He passes, O people,Satan the great!

Hail to thee, Satan!Hail, the Rebellion!Hail, of the reason theGreat Vindicator!

Sacred to thee shall riseIncense and vows!Thou hast the godOf the priests disenthroned!

Words in this poem 25
unbridled a.
Loosed from the bridle, or as from the bridle; hence, unrestrained; licentious; violent; as, unbridled passions. [Pref. un- not + bridled.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
archangel n.
A chief angel; one high in the celestial hierarchy. [L. archangelus, Gr. archangel, F. archange. See Arch-, pref., and Angel.]
firmament n.
Fixed foundation; established basis. [L. firmamentum, fr. firmare to make firm: cf. F. firmament. See Firm, v. & a.]
tearful a.
Abounding with tears; weeping; shedding tears; as, tearful eyes.
defy v. t.
To renounce or dissolve all bonds of affiance, faith, or obligation with; to reject, refuse, or renounce. [F. défier, OF. deffier, desfier, LL. disfidare to disown faith or fidelity, to dissolve the bond of allegiance, as between the vassal and his lord; hence, to ch]
astarte n.
A genus of bivalve mollusks, common on the coasts of America and Europe.
ionian a.
Of or pertaining to Ionia or the Ionians; Ionic. [L. Ionius. See Ionic.]
cyprian a.
Belonging to Cyprus.
nazarene n.
A native or inhabitant of Nazareth; -- a term of contempt applied to Christ and the early Christians.
plebs n.
The commonalty of ancient Rome who were citizens without the usual political rights; the plebeians; -- distinguished from the patricians.
fervid a.
Very hot; burning; boiling. [L. fervidus, fr. fervere. See Fervent.]
succour v. t.
tiono run to, or run to support; hence, to help or relieve when in difficulty, want, or distress; to assist and deliver from suffering; to relieve; as, to succor a besieged city. [OE. socouren, OF. sucurre, soucourre, secorre, F. secourir, L. succurrere, succursum, to run under, run to the aid of, help, succor; sub under + currere to run.]
bigoted a.
Obstinately and blindly attached to some creed, opinion practice, or ritual; unreasonably devoted to a system or party, and illiberal toward the opinions of others.
theban a.
Of or pertaining to Thebes. Theban year (Anc. Chron.), the Egyptian year of 365 days and 6 hours. J. Bryant. [L. Thebanus.]
amid prep.
In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
davidic a.
Of or pertaining to David, the king and psalmist of Israel, or to his family.
delphic a.
Of or relating to Delphi, or to the famous oracle of that place. [L. Delphicus, fr. Gr. Delphi, a town of Phocis, in Greece, now Kastri.]
dwell v. i.
To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
capitol
The temple of Jupiter, at Rome, on the Mona Capitolinus, where the Senate met. [L. capitolium, fr. caput head: cf. F. capitole. See Chief.]
pyre n.
A funeral pile; a combustible heap on which the dead are burned; hence, any pile to be burnt. [L. pure, Gr. Fire.]
watchman n.
One set to watch; a person who keeps guard; a guard; a sentinel.
stole n.
A long, loose garment reaching to the feet. [AS. stole, L. stola, Gr. stall. See Stall.]
vindicator n.
One who vindicates; one who justifies or maintains. [LL., an avenger.]
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

To Satan is in the public domain. This text is taken from By Frank Sewall (London: Osgood, McIlvaine & Co., 1893), Project Gutenberg ebook #56711, the Frank Sewall translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Giosuè Carducci, To Satan, in Poems of Giosuè Carducci (1893), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #56711, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/carducci-poems/to-satan.html, id L26507.

Form and metre

To Satan is 180 lines in 45 stanzas of 4 lines each. The metre is dactylic dimeter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 84%).

See other poems in dactylic dimeter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 14 -A-A venus · anadiomeneA · ionian · sereneA
  2. 40 --AA smoking · he · mountainsA · plainsA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against dactylic dimeter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
To thee my verses,5···/˘
Unbridled and daring,6˘/˘·/˘
Shall mount, O Satan,5···/˘
King of the banquet.5···/˘
Away with thy sprinkling,6˘/··/˘
O Priest, and thy droning,6····/˘
For never shall Satan,6·/˘·/˘
O Priest, stand behind thee.6······
See how the rust is5·····
Gnawing the mystical6/˘·/˘˘
Sword of St. Michael;5···/˘
And how the faithful5···/˘
Wind-plucked archangel5···/˘
Falls into emptiness!6···/˘˘
Frozen the thunder in6/˘·/˘·
Hand of Jehovah.5··˘/˘
Like to pale meteors, or6···/˘·
Planets exhausted,5/˘˘/˘
Out of the firmament6···/˘˘
Rain down the angels.5···/˘
Here in the matter5···/˘
Which never sleeps,4·/˘·
King of phenomena,6··˘/˘˘
King of all forms,4····
Thou, Satan, livest!5·/˘··
Thine is the empire6···/˘˘
Felt in the dark eyes'5·····
Tremulous flashing,5/˘˘/˘
Whether their languishing6···/˘˘
Glances resist, or,5/˘˘/·
Glittering and tearful, they6/˘·/˘·
Call and invite.4··˘/
How shine the clusters5···/˘
With happy blood,4·/˘·
So that the furious6···/˘˘
Joy may not perish!5···/˘
So that the languishing6···/˘˘
Love be restored,5··˘/˘
And sorrow be banished6·/˘·/˘
And love be increased!5···˘/
Thy breath, O Satan,5···/˘
My verses inspires5·/˘˘/
When from my bosom5···/˘
The gods I defy5···˘/
Of Kings pontifical,6··˘/˘˘
Of Kings inhuman:5··˘/˘
Thine is the lightning that6···/˘·
Sets minds to shaking.5···/˘
For thee Arimane,5·····
Adonis, Astarte;6˘/˘˘/˘
For thee lived the marbles,6····/˘
The pictures, the parchments,6·/˘·/˘
When the fair Venus5···/˘
Anadiomene4····
Blessed the Ionian6··˘/˘˘
Heavens serene.4/˘˘/
For thee were roaring the6···/˘·
Forests of Lebanon,6/˘·/˘˘
Of the fair Cyprian6···/˘˘
Lover reborn;4/˘//
For thee rose the chorus,6····/˘
For thee raved the dances,6····/˘
For thee the pure shining6····/˘
Loves of the virgins,5···/˘
Under the sweet-odoured6····/˘
Palms of Idume,4····
Where break in white foam5·····
The Cyprian waves.5·/˘˘·
What if the barbarous6···/˘˘
Nazarene fury,5···/˘
Fed by the base rites5·····
Of secret feastings,5·/˘/˘
Lights sacred torches5·/˘/˘
To burn down the temples,6····/˘
Scattering abroad5/˘˘˘/
The scrolls hieroglyphic?6···˘/˘
In thee find refuge5···/˘
The humble-roofed plebs,5·/˘··
Who have not forgotten6···˘/˘
The gods of their household.6····/·
Thence comes the power,5···/˘
Fervid and loving, that,6/˘·/˘·
Filling the quick-throbbing6/˘··/˘
Bosom of woman,5/˘·/˘
Turns to the succour5···/˘
Of nature enfeebled,6·/˘˘/˘
A sorceress pallid,6·/˘˘/˘
With endless care laden.6·/˘·/˘
Thou to the trance-holden6····/˘
Eye of the alchemist,6···/˘˘
Thou to the view of the6······
Bigoted mago,5/˘˘··
Showest the lightning-flash6/˘·/˘·
Of the new time4····
Shining behind the dark6/˘····
Bars of the cloister.5···/˘
Seeking to fly from thee6/˘····
Here in the world-life,5·····
Hides him the gloomy monk6···/˘·
In Theban deserts.5·/˘/˘
O soul that wanderest6···/˘˘
Far from the straight way,5·····
Satan is merciful.6/˘·/˘˘
See Héloïsa!4····
In vain you wear yourself6····˘/
Thin in rough gown; I5·····
Still murmur the verses6·/˘·/˘
Of Maro and Flaccus6·/˘···
Amid the Davidic6˘/·˘/˘
Psalming and wailing;5/˘·/˘
And—Delphic figures5·/˘/˘
Close to thy side—4····
Rosy, amid the dark6/˘˘/··
Cowls of the friars,5···/˘
Enters Licorida,6/˘····
Enters Glicera.5/˘···
Then other images6·/˘/˘˘
Of days more fair4····
Come to dwell with thee5·····
In thy secret cell.5··/˘·
Lo! from the pages of6···/˘·
Livy, the Tribunes5···/˘
All ardent, the Consuls,6·/˘·/˘
The crowds tumultuous,6···/˘˘
Awake; and the fantastic7˘/··˘/˘
Pride of Italian5··˘/˘
Drives thee, O Monk,4····
Up to the Capitol;6···/˘˘
And you, whom the flaming6····/˘
Pyre never melted,6/˘/˘/˘
Conjuring voices,5/˘˘/˘
Wiclif and Huss,4····
Send to the broad breeze5·····
The cry of the watchman:6····/˘
“The age renews itself;6··˘/˘/
Full is the time!”4····
Already tremble5˘/˘/˘
The mitres and crowns.5·/˘··
Forth from the cloister5···/˘
Moves the rebellion.5··˘/˘
Under his stole, see,5·····
Fighting and preaching,5/˘·/˘
Brother Girolamo6/˘˘˘/˘
Savonarola.5·····
Off goes the tunic5···/˘
Of Martin Luther;5·/˘/˘
Off go the fetters5···/˘
That bound human thought.5··/˘·
It flashes and lightens,6·/˘·/˘
Girdled with flame.5/˘˘··
Matter, exalt thyself!6/˘˘/˘/
Satan has won!4/˘··
A fair and terrible6···/˘˘
Monster unchained5/˘··˘
Courses the oceans,5/˘·/˘
Courses the earth;4/˘··
Flashing and smoking,5/˘·/˘
Like the volcanoes, he6··˘/˘·
Climbs over mountains,5···/˘
Ravages plains,4/˘˘·
Skims the abysses;5··˘/˘
Then he is lost4····
In unknown caverns5·˘//˘
And ways profound,4··˘/
Till lo! unconquered,5·····
From shore to shore,4····
Like to the whirlwind,5···/·
He sends forth his cry.5·····
Like to the whirlwind5···/·
Spreading its wings...4/˘··
He passes, O people,6·/˘·/˘
Satan the great!4/˘··
Hail to thee, Satan!5···/˘
Hail, the Rebellion!5··˘/˘
Hail, of the reason the6···/˘·
Great Vindicator!5·˘˘/˘
Sacred to thee shall rise6/˘····
Incense and vows!4˘/··
Thou hast the god4····
Of the priests disenthroned!6······

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