Dante
Strong forms were those of the New Life, that stoodAround thy cradle,O Master of the song that looks above!
A brave young giantess,Unknown before to Greek or Latin shores,Daring in love and hate, and fair withal,Came Tuscan Libertade, and the childAlready with bounteous breast did comfort thee.
And all a-glowing with her spheral rays,Mild and austere in one,Came Faith: and she, across a shoreObscure with crowds of visions and of shades,Opened for thee the Gate of the Infinite.
Sighing and pensive, yet with locks aglowWith rosy splendour from another air,Love made long stay.And such the gentle thingsHe talked to thee with bashful lips, so sweetlyHe entered all the chambers of thy heart,That no one ever knew to love like thee.
But soon away from lonely meditating,O youthful recluse,Wild clamour and fierce tumult tore thee, andThe fury of brothers seeking brothers' blood.Thou heard'st the hissing flames of civil warOn neighbour's walls; thou heardest women shriekTo heaven that altars and the marriage bed,The dear hearth-stone and the infant's cradle,—All that made fair the marital abode,Were swept away in one great gulf of flame.Their men had rushed from their embrace to arms;The youth breathed only anger and destruction.Thou sawest the raging of swordsSeeking the breast-plunge;Thou heardest the dying warriorBlaspheme and curse:Before thee, streaming with gore,Gold locks and grey;And the Furies offeringTo Liberty the execrated hostOf human victims;And Death, the cruel arbiter of fates,Crumbling the mighty towers and openingThe long-barred gates.Amid wild scenesSo grew thy Italian soul,And prayed that the long civil hate might end.
Meanwhile he sawOf love such pure revealings and so strange,The which depicted in the shadeOf a young myrtle-tree,Each one who saw must bow the head in reverence.
But o'er this gentle dreamThere came the voice of weeping,Bitterly sounding from the maternal source.Alas! broken by the whirlwind,Lies the fair myrtle,And with wide-spread wingsThe dove of sweet affection is flown forthTo seek a purer aura for its flight.
He, driven here and thereIn the thick darkness of the turbulent age,Sought refuge with the famous shades of old;So learned to hate himself and present things.And in the twilight came he forth a giant,Seeming a shade himself—an angry shadeWho through the desert went from tomb to tomb,Now questioning and now embracing them:Until before him rose across the ruinAnd dust of these barbaric ages gone,Like a cloudy pillar, the ancient Latin valour.Then all that such a ruin tells did burstUpon the silent air in one great cry.In the exalted visionArose the poet divine; and now, disdainingHis stricken land and time that only wastedIn petty aimless strife the ancient strength,He, in the seeing of his heart's desire,Saluted thee, O modern Italy,—One, in thy valiant arms, thy laws, thy speech.
And then, to truly tellWhat such a vision meant, he sought to knowThe life that rolls through all the sea of being.From beneath the dust of buried centuriesHe made things good and ill to tell their taleThrough him the fatal prophet: till his voiceResounded through the world, and made the agesTurn and behold themselves. Judge and lord,He placed them where they could themselves behold,Admired and wept, disdained and laughed at them;Then shut them up in his eternal song,Well pleased that he had power to do this much.
And meanwhile this poor tangleWhere the weeping and the wailing still goes on,This endless fraud and shadowWhich has the name of life and is so base,—All this didst thou despise! Thy sacred museExplored the depths of all the universe.Following the good gentile PhilosopherWho placed thee in the midst of secret things,Thou didst desire to see as angels seeThere where there is no intervening veil;And thou wouldst love as they do love in heaven.Up through the ways of loveThe humble creaturePushing his way to the Creator's presence,Wished to find rest in that eternal TruthWhich taught thee the great love and the great thought.Here Virgil failed thee,And thou, deserted,A lonely human spirit as if drownedWithin the abyss of thy immense desire,Didst vanish overwhelmed in doubt,—When as on wingsAngelical there came unto thy griefShe who is love and light and visionBetween the understanding and the True.No mortal tongue like mine may give her name,But thou who lovedst didst call her Beatrice.And so from sphere to sphere'T was naught but melody that thou didst hear,'T was naught but one great light that thou didst see,And every single sense thou hadst was love,And verse and spirit made one harmonyLike unto her who there revealed herself.Alas! what caredst thou thenFor thy poor country and the endless strifeThat rent its cities like, alas! even thoseThat make forever dark the vales of hell!From heaven descending thou didst thrice bring downThe Hymn Supreme, and all the while there shoneUpon thy brow a radiance divineLike his who spake with God in Sinai.
Before thee shiningIn all the splendour of the holy KingdomFlashed in its crimson light the mortal fieldOf Montaperto, and along the wastesDeserted and malignant came the sound,Dreary and dull, of dying warriors' sighs:To which far off respondedWith a great cry of mingled human woeThe cursed battle-field of Campaldino.And thou, Rea Meloria,Didst rise from the Tuscan seaTo tell the glory of this horrid slaughter,And of the Thyrrenian shores made desolateWith this our madness, and the sea's great bosomAll stained with blood, and far Liguria's strandFilled with the moan of lonely Pisan exilesAnd children born for fratricidal war.
Words in this poem 36
- giantess n.
- A woman of extraordinary size.
- withal adv.
- With this; with that. [With + all.]
- bounteous a.
- Liberal in charity; disposed to give freely; generously liberal; munificent; beneficent; free in bestowing gifts; as, bounteous production. [OE. bountevous, fr. bounte bounty.]
- spheral a.
- Of or pertaining to a sphere or the spheres.
- aglow adv.
- In a glow; glowing; as, cheeks aglow; the landscape all aglow. [Pref. a- + glow.]
- splendour n.
- Great brightness; brilliant luster; brilliancy; as, the splendor ot the sun. B. Jonson. [L. fr. splendere to shine: cf. F. splendeur.]
- bashful a.
- Abashed; daunted; dismayed. [See Bash.]
- clamour n.
- A great outcry or vociferation; loud and continued shouting or exclamation. [OF. clamour, clamur, F. clameur, fr. L. clamor, fr. clamare to cry out. See Claim.]
- tore n.
- The dead grass that remains on mowing land in winter and spring. Mortimer. [Probably from the root of tear; cf. W. tór a break, cut, tóri to break, cut.]
- marital a.
- Of or pertaining to a husband; as, marital rights, duties, authority. [F., fr. L. maritalis, fr. maritus belonging to marriage, n., a husband. See Marry, v.]
- abode n.
- Act of waiting; delay. [OE. abad, abood, fr. abiden to abide. See Abide. For the change of vowel, cf. abode, imp. of abide.]
- rushed a.
- Abounding or covered with rushes.
- blaspheme v. t.
- To speak of, or address, with impious irreverence; to revile impiously (anything sacred); as, to blaspheme the Holy Spirit. [OE. blasfem, L. blasphemare, fr. Gr. : cf. F. blasphémer. See Blame, v.]
- streaming a.
- Sending forth streams.
- amid prep.
- In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
- meanwhile n.
- The intervening time; as, in the meantime (or mean time).
- bitterly adv.
- In a bitter manner.
- maternal a.
- Of or pertaining to a mother; becoming to a mother; motherly; as, maternal love; maternal tenderness. [F. maternel, L. maternus, fr. mater mother. See Mother.]
- flown a.
- Flushed, inflated.
- aura n.
- Any subtile, invisible emanation, effluvium, or exhalation from a substance, as the aroma of flowers, the odor of the blood, a supposed fertilizing emanation from the pollen of flowers, etc.
- angry a.
- Troublesome; vexatious; rigorous. [See Anger.]
- went n.
- Course; way; path; journey; direction.
- barbaric a.
- Of, or from, barbarian nations; foreign; -- often with reference to barbarous nations of east. [L. barbaricus foreign, barbaric, Gr. .]
- stricken p. p.
- Struck; smitten; wounded; as, the stricken deer.
- aimless a.
- Without aim or purpose; as, an aimless life.
- strife n.
- The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
- valiant a.
- Vigorous in body; strong; powerful; as, a valiant fencer. [OE. valiant, F. vaillant, OF. vaillant, valant, originally p. pr. of OF. & F. valoir to be worth, L. valere to be strong. See Wield, and cf. Avail, Convalesce, ]
- admired a.
- Regarded with wonder and delight; highly prized; as, an admired poem.
- tangle v. t.
- To unite or knit together confusedly; to interweave or interlock, as threads, so as to make it difficult to unravel the knot; to entangle; to ravel. [A frequentative fr. tang seaweed; hence, to twist like seaweed. See Tang seaweed, and cf. Tangle, n.]
- didst
- , the 2d pers. sing. imp. of Do.
- despise v. t.
- To look down upon with disfavor or contempt; to contemn; to scorn; to disdain; to have a low opinion or contemptuous dislike of. [OF. despis-, in some forms of despire to despise, fr. L. despicere, despectum, to look down upon, despise; de- + spicere, specere, to look. See Spy, and cf. Des]
- angelical a.
- Belonging to, or proceeding from, angels; resembling, characteristic of, or partaking of the nature of, an angel; heavenly; divine. [L. angelicus, Gr. angélique.]
- dreary a.
- Sorrowful; distressful. [OE. dreori, dreri, AS. dreórig, sad; akin to G. traurig, and prob. to AS. dreósan to fall, Goth. driusan. Cf. Dross, Drear, Drizzle, Drowse.]
- cursed a.
- Deserving a curse; execrable; hateful; detestable; abominable.
- horrid a.
- Rough; rugged; bristling. [L. horridus. See Horror, and cf. Ordure.]
- fratricidal a.
- Of or pertaining to fratricide; of the nature of fratricide.
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Dante is in the public domain. This text is taken from By Frank Sewall (London: Osgood, McIlvaine & Co., 1893), Project Gutenberg ebook #56711, the Frank Sewall translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Giosuè Carducci, Dante, in Poems of Giosuè Carducci (1893), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #56711, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/carducci-poems/dante-2.html, id L26542.
Form and metre
Dante is 150 lines in 11 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 87%).
See other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 5 ----A-----------A----B-B--- meditating · recluse · and · blood · warA · shriek · bed · cradle · abode · flame · arms · destruction · swords · plunge · warrior · curse · goreA · grey · offering · host · victims · fatesB · opening · gatesB · scenes · soul · end
- 8 --------AA---A------ there · age · old · things · giant · shade · tomb · them · ruinA · goneA · valour · burst · cry · visionA · disdaining · wasted · strength · desire · italy · speech
- 10 ---------------------------AA------------ tangle · on · shadow · base · muse · universe · philosopher · things · see · veil · heaven · love · creature · presence · truth · thought · thee · deserted · drowned · desire · doubt · wings · grief · vision · true · name · beatrice · sphereA · hearA · see · love · harmony · herself · then · strife · those · hell · down · shone · divine · sinai
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Strong forms were those of the New Life, that stood | 10 | ·········· |
| Around thy cradle, | 5 | ···/˘ |
| O Master of the song that looks above! | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| A brave young giantess, | 6 | ···/˘˘ |
| Unknown before to Greek or Latin shores, | 10 | ˘/·····/˘· |
| Daring in love and hate, and fair withal, | 10 | /˘······˘/ |
| Came Tuscan Libertade, and the child | 9 | ·/˘······ |
| Already with bounteous breast did comfort thee. | 12 | ˘/˘·/˘˘··/˘· |
| And all a-glowing with her spheral rays, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Mild and austere in one, | 6 | ··˘/·· |
| Came Faith: and she, across a shore | 8 | ····˘/·· |
| Obscure with crowds of visions and of shades, | 10 | ˘/···/˘··· |
| Opened for thee the Gate of the Infinite. | 11 | /˘······/˘˘ |
| Sighing and pensive, yet with locks aglow | 10 | /˘·/˘···˘/ |
| With rosy splendour from another air, | 10 | ·/˘/˘·˘/˘· |
| Love made long stay. | 4 | ···· |
| And such the gentle things | 6 | ···/˘· |
| He talked to thee with bashful lips, so sweetly | 11 | ·····/˘··/˘ |
| He entered all the chambers of thy heart, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| That no one ever knew to love like thee. | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| But soon away from lonely meditating, | 11 | ··˘/·/˘/˘·˘ |
| O youthful recluse, | 5 | ·/˘˘/ |
| Wild clamour and fierce tumult tore thee, and | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| The fury of brothers seeking brothers' blood. | 11 | ·/˘·/˘/˘/˘· |
| Thou heard'st the hissing flames of civil war | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| On neighbour's walls; thou heardest women shriek | 10 | ·/˘··/˘/˘· |
| To heaven that altars and the marriage bed, | 10 | ·/·/˘··/˘· |
| The dear hearth-stone and the infant's cradle,— | 10 | ······/˘/˘ |
| All that made fair the marital abode, | 10 | ·····/˘˘˘/ |
| Were swept away in one great gulf of flame. | 10 | ··˘/······ |
| Their men had rushed from their embrace to arms; | 10 | ······˘/·· |
| The youth breathed only anger and destruction. | 11 | ···/˘/˘·˘/˘ |
| Thou sawest the raging of swords | 8 | ····/˘·· |
| Seeking the breast-plunge; | 5 | /˘··· |
| Thou heardest the dying warrior | 9 | ·/˘·/˘/˘˘ |
| Blaspheme and curse: | 4 | ˘/·· |
| Before thee, streaming with gore, | 7 | ···/˘·· |
| Gold locks and grey; | 4 | ···· |
| And the Furies offering | 7 | ··/˘/˘˘ |
| To Liberty the execrated host | 10 | ·/˘˘······ |
| Of human victims; | 5 | ·/˘/˘ |
| And Death, the cruel arbiter of fates, | 10 | ···/˘/˘˘·· |
| Crumbling the mighty towers and opening | 11 | /˘˘·/˘/·/˘˘ |
| The long-barred gates. | 4 | ···· |
| Amid wild scenes | 4 | ˘/·· |
| So grew thy Italian soul, | 7 | ···˘/˘· |
| And prayed that the long civil hate might end. | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Meanwhile he saw | 4 | /··· |
| Of love such pure revealings and so strange, | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| The which depicted in the shade | 8 | ··˘/˘··· |
| Of a young myrtle-tree, | 6 | ···/˘· |
| Each one who saw must bow the head in reverence. | 11 | ·········/˘ |
| But o'er this gentle dream | 6 | ···/˘· |
| There came the voice of weeping, | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| Bitterly sounding from the maternal source. | 10 | /˘/˘··˘/˘· |
| Alas! broken by the whirlwind, | 8 | ˘//˘··/· |
| Lies the fair myrtle, | 5 | ···/˘ |
| And with wide-spread wings | 5 | ····· |
| The dove of sweet affection is flown forth | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| To seek a purer aura for its flight. | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| He, driven here and there | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| In the thick darkness of the turbulent age, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Sought refuge with the famous shades of old; | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| So learned to hate himself and present things. | 10 | ····˘/·/˘· |
| And in the twilight came he forth a giant, | 11 | ···/·····/˘ |
| Seeming a shade himself—an angry shade | 10 | /˘··˘/·/˘· |
| Who through the desert went from tomb to tomb, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Now questioning and now embracing them: | 10 | ·/˘˘··˘/˘· |
| Until before him rose across the ruin | 11 | ······˘/·/˘ |
| And dust of these barbaric ages gone, | 10 | ····˘/˘/˘· |
| Like a cloudy pillar, the ancient Latin valour. | 13 | ··/˘/˘·/˘/˘/˘ |
| Then all that such a ruin tells did burst | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Upon the silent air in one great cry. | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| In the exalted vision | 7 | ··˘/˘/˘ |
| Arose the poet divine; and now, disdaining | 12 | ˘/·/˘˘/··˘/˘ |
| His stricken land and time that only wasted | 11 | ·/˘····/˘/˘ |
| In petty aimless strife the ancient strength, | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| He, in the seeing of his heart's desire, | 11 | ···/˘···˘/˘ |
| Saluted thee, O modern Italy,— | 10 | ˘/˘··/˘/˘˘ |
| One, in thy valiant arms, thy laws, thy speech. | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| And then, to truly tell | 6 | ···/˘· |
| What such a vision meant, he sought to know | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| The life that rolls through all the sea of being. | 11 | ·········/˘ |
| From beneath the dust of buried centuries | 11 | ······/˘/˘˘ |
| He made things good and ill to tell their tale | 10 | ·········· |
| Through him the fatal prophet: till his voice | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Resounded through the world, and made the ages | 11 | ·/˘······/˘ |
| Turn and behold themselves. Judge and lord, | 9 | ··˘/˘/··· |
| He placed them where they could themselves behold, | 10 | ······˘/˘/ |
| Admired and wept, disdained and laughed at them; | 10 | ˘/··˘/···· |
| Then shut them up in his eternal song, | 10 | ······˘/˘· |
| Well pleased that he had power to do this much. | 10 | ·····/···· |
| And meanwhile this poor tangle | 7 | ·/···/˘ |
| Where the weeping and the wailing still goes on, | 11 | ··/˘··/˘··· |
| This endless fraud and shadow | 7 | ·/˘··/· |
| Which has the name of life and is so base,— | 10 | ·········· |
| All this didst thou despise! Thy sacred muse | 10 | ····˘/·/˘· |
| Explored the depths of all the universe. | 10 | ˘/·····/˘· |
| Following the good gentile Philosopher | 11 | /˘˘··/·˘/˘˘ |
| Who placed thee in the midst of secret things, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Thou didst desire to see as angels see | 10 | ··˘/···/˘· |
| There where there is no intervening veil; | 10 | ······˘/˘· |
| And thou wouldst love as they do love in heaven. | 11 | ·········/˘ |
| Up through the ways of love | 6 | ······ |
| The humble creature | 5 | ·/˘/˘ |
| Pushing his way to the Creator's presence, | 11 | /˘····˘/˘/˘ |
| Wished to find rest in that eternal Truth | 10 | ······˘/˘· |
| Which taught thee the great love and the great thought. | 10 | ·········· |
| Here Virgil failed thee, | 5 | ·/˘·· |
| And thou, deserted, | 5 | ··˘/˘ |
| A lonely human spirit as if drowned | 10 | ·/˘/˘/˘··· |
| Within the abyss of thy immense desire, | 11 | ···˘/··˘/˘/ |
| Didst vanish overwhelmed in doubt,— | 9 | ·/˘·˘/˘·· |
| When as on wings | 4 | ···· |
| Angelical there came unto thy grief | 10 | ·········· |
| She who is love and light and vision | 9 | ·······/˘ |
| Between the understanding and the True. | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| No mortal tongue like mine may give her name, | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| But thou who lovedst didst call her Beatrice. | 11 | ········/˘˘ |
| And so from sphere to sphere | 6 | ······ |
| 'T was naught but melody that thou didst hear, | 10 | ····/˘···· |
| 'T was naught but one great light that thou didst see, | 11 | ··········· |
| And every single sense thou hadst was love, | 10 | ·/˘/˘····· |
| And verse and spirit made one harmony | 10 | ···/˘··/˘˘ |
| Like unto her who there revealed herself. | 10 | ······˘/˘/ |
| Alas! what caredst thou then | 7 | ˘/····· |
| For thy poor country and the endless strife | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| That rent its cities like, alas! even those | 10 | ···/˘·˘//· |
| That make forever dark the vales of hell! | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| From heaven descending thou didst thrice bring down | 10 | ·/˘/˘····· |
| The Hymn Supreme, and all the while there shone | 10 | ··˘/······ |
| Upon thy brow a radiance divine | 10 | ·····/˘˘˘/ |
| Like his who spake with God in Sinai. | 9 | ·······/· |
| Before thee shining | 5 | ···/˘ |
| In all the splendour of the holy Kingdom | 11 | ···/˘··/˘/˘ |
| Flashed in its crimson light the mortal field | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Of Montaperto, and along the wastes | 10 | ······˘/·· |
| Deserted and malignant came the sound, | 10 | ˘/˘·˘/˘··· |
| Dreary and dull, of dying warriors' sighs: | 10 | /˘···/˘/˘· |
| To which far off responded | 7 | ····˘/˘ |
| With a great cry of mingled human woe | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| The cursed battle-field of Campaldino. | 10 | ··/˘······ |
| And thou, Rea Meloria, | 6 | ······ |
| Didst rise from the Tuscan sea | 7 | ····/˘· |
| To tell the glory of this horrid slaughter, | 11 | ···/˘··/˘/˘ |
| And of the Thyrrenian shores made desolate | 11 | ········/˘· |
| With this our madness, and the sea's great bosom | 11 | ··//˘····/˘ |
| All stained with blood, and far Liguria's strand | 10 | ·········· |
| Filled with the moan of lonely Pisan exiles | 11 | ·····/˘··/· |
| And children born for fratricidal war. | 9 | ·/˘··/˘˘· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.