Ode to Winter
When first the fiery-mantled sunHis heavenly race began to run;Round the earth and ocean blue,His children four the Seasons flew.First, in green apparel dancing,The young Spring smiled with angel grace;Rosy Summer next advancing,Rushed into her sire’s embrace:—Her bright-haired sire, who bade her keepFor ever nearest to his smiles,On Calpe’s olive-shaded steep,On India’s citron-covered isles:More remote and buxom-brown,The Queen of vintage bowed before his throne;A rich pomegranate gemmed her crown,A ripe sheaf bound her zone.
But howling Winter fled afar,To hills that prop the polar star,And loves on deer-borne car to ride,With barren darkness by his side,Round the shore where loud LofodenWhirls to death the roaring whale,Round the hall where Runic OdinHowls his war-song to the gale;Save when adown the ravaged globeHe travels on his native storm,Deflowering Nature’s grassy robe,And trampling on her faded form:—Till light’s returning lord assumeThe shaft that drives him to his polar field,Of power to pierce his raven plumeAnd crystal-covered shield.
Oh, sire of storms! whose savage earThe Lapland drum delights to hear,When frenzy with her blood-shot eyeImplores thy dreadful deity,Archangel! power of desolation!Fast descending as thou art,Say, hath mortal invocationSpells to touch thy stony heart?Then, sullen Winter, hear my prayer,And gently rule the ruined year;Nor chill the wanderer’s bosom bare,Nor freeze the wretch’s falling tear;—To shuddering Want’s unmantled bedThy horror-breathing agues cease to lead,And gently on the orphan headOf innocence descend.
But chiefly spare, O, king of clouds!The sailor on his airy shrouds;When wrecks and beacons strew the steep,And spectres walk along the deep.Milder yet thy snowy breezesPour on yonder tented shores,Where the Rhine’s broad billow freezes,Or the dark-brown Danube roars.Oh, winds of Winter! list ye thereTo many a deep and dying groan;Or start, ye demons of the midnight air,At shrieks and thunders louder than your own.Alas! ev’n your unhallowed breathMay spare the victim fallen low;But man will ask no truce to death,—No bounds to human woe.
Britons! although our task is but to showThe scenes and passions of fictitious woe,Think not we come this night without a partIn that deep sorrow of the public heart,Which like a shade hath darkened every place,And moistened with a tear the manliest face!The bell is scarcely hushed in Windsor’s piles,That tolled a requiem from the solemn aisles,For her, the royal flower, low laid in dust,That was your fairest hope, your fondest trust.Unconscious of the doom, we dreamt, alas!That e’en these walls, ere many months should pass,Which but return sad accents for her now,Perhaps had witnessed her benignant brow,Cheered by the voice you would have raised on high,In bursts of British love and loyalty.But, Britain! now thy chief, thy people mourn,And Claremont’s home of love is left forlorn:—There, where the happiest of the happy dwelt,The ’scutcheon glooms, and royalty hath feltA wound that every bosom feels its own,—The blessing of a father’s heart o’erthrown—The most beloved and most devoted brideTorn from an agonizèd husband’s side,Who “long as Memory holds her seat” shall viewThat speechless, more than spoken last adieu,When the fixed eye long looked connubial faith,And beamed affection in the trance of death.Sad was the pomp that yesternight beheld,As with the mourner’s heart the anthem swelled;While torch succeeding torch illumed each highAnd bannered arch of England’s chivalry.The rich plumed canopy, the gorgeous pall,The sacred march, and sable-vested wall,—These were not rites of inexpressive show,But hallowed as the types of real woe!Daughter of England! for a nation’s sighs.A nation’s heart went with thine obsequies!—And oft shall time revert a look of griefOn thine existence, beautiful and brief.Fair spirit! send thy blessing from aboveOn realms where thou art canonised by love!Give to a father’s, husband’s bleeding mind,The peace that angels lend to human kind,To us who in thy loved remembrance feelA sorrowing, but a soul-ennobling zeal—A loyalty that touches all the bestAnd loftiest principles of England’s breast!Still may thy name speak concord from the tomb—Still in the Muse’s breath thy memory bloom!They shall describe thy life—thy form portray;But all the love that mourns thee swept away,’Tis not in language or expressive artsTo paint—yet feel it, Britons in your hearts!
Words in this poem 28
- rushed a.
- Abounding or covered with rushes.
- sire n.
- A lord, master, or other person in authority. See Sir. [F. sire, originally, an older person. See Sir.]
- bade
- A form of the pat tense of Bid.
- afar adv.
- At, to, or from a great distance; far away; -- often used with from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw him afar off. [Pref. a-.(for on or of) + far.]
- adown adv.
- From a higher to a lower situation; downward; down, to or on the ground. [OE. adun, adoun, adune. AS. of dune off the hill. See Down.]
- dreadful a.
- Full of dread or terror; fearful.
- archangel n.
- A chief angel; one high in the celestial hierarchy. [L. archangelus, Gr. archangel, F. archange. See Arch-, pref., and Angel.]
- desolation n.
- The act of desolating or laying waste; destruction of inhabitants; depopulation. [F. désolation, L. desolatio.]
- sullen a.
- Lonely; solitary; desolate. Wyclif (Job iii. 14). [OE. solein, solain, lonely, sullen; through Old French fr. (assumed) LL. solanus solitary, fr. L. solus alone. See Sole, a.]
- snowy a.
- White like snow.
- yonder adv.
- At a distance, but within view. [OE. yonder, ýonder; cf. OD. ginder, Goth. jaindr there. Yond, adv.]
- tented a.
- Covered with tents.
- billow n.
- A great wave or surge of the sea or other water, caused usually by violent wind. [Cf. Icel. bylgja billow, Dan. bölge, Sw. bölja; akin to MHG. bulge billow, bag, and to E. bulge. See Bulge.]
- unhallowed a.
- Not consecrated; hence, profane; unholy; impious; wicked. [Pref. un- not + hallowed.]
- requiem n.
- A mass said or sung for the repose of a departed soul. [Acc. of L. requies rest, the first words of the Mass being "Requiem aeternam dona eis, Domine," give eternal rest to them, O lord; pref. re- re + quies quiet. S]
- benignant a.
- Kind; gracious; favorable. [LL. benignans, p. pr. of benignare, from L. benignus. See Benign.]
- forlorn a.
- Deserted abandoned; lost. [OE., p.p. of forlesen to lose utterly, AS. forleósan (p.p. forloren); pref. for- + leósan (in comp.) to lose; cf. D. verliezen to lose, G. verlieren, Sw. förlor]
- scutcheon n.
- An escutcheon; an emblazoned shield. [Aphetic form of escutcheon.]
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- speechless a.
- Destitute or deprived of the faculty of speech.
- beamed a.
- Furnished with beams, as the head of a stag.
- yesternight n.
- The last night; the night last past.
- mourner n.
- One who mourns or is grieved at any misfortune, as the death of a friend.
- anthem v. t.
- To celebrate with anthems.
- bannered a.
- Decorated with a banner or banners
- gorgeous a.
- Imposing through splendid or various colors; showy; fine; magnificent. [OF. gorgias beautiful, glorious, vain, luxurious; cf. OF. gorgias ruff, neck handkerchief, and F. gorge throat, and se pengorger to assume airs. Cf. Gorge, n.]
- went n.
- Course; way; path; journey; direction.
- revert v. t.
- To turn back, or to the contrary; to reverse. [L. revertere, reversum; pref. re- re- + vertere to turn: cf. OF. revertir. See Verse, and cf. Reverse.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Ode to Winter is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell, Project Gutenberg ebook #59788; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Thomas Campbell, Ode to Winter, in The Pleasures of Hope, and Other Poems (1824), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #59788, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/campbell-poems/ode-to-winter.html, id L24410.
Form and metre
Ode to Winter is 118 lines in 5 stanzas. The rhyme scheme is AABBCDCDEFEFGHGH, complete in 3 of its 5 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 89%).
See other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 AABBCDCDEFEFGHGH sunA · runA · blueB · flewB · dancingC · graceD · advancingC · embraceD · keepE · smilesF · steepE · islesF · brownG · throneH · crownG · zoneH
- 2 AABBCDCDEFEFGHGH afarA · starA · rideB · sideB · lofodenC · whaleD · odinC · galeD · globeE · stormF · robeE · formF · assumeG · fieldH · plumeG · shieldH
- 3 AA--BCBCDADAEEE- earA · hearA · eye · deity · desolationB · artC · invocationB · heartC · prayerD · yearA · bareD · tearA · bedE · leadE · headE · descend
- 4 AABBCDCDEFEFGHGH cloudsA · shroudsA · steepB · deepB · breezesC · shoresD · freezesC · roarsD · thereE · groanF · airE · ownF · breathG · lowH · deathG · woeH
- 5 AABBCCDDEEFFGG--HHIIJJKKLL--MM----NNOOPPQQRRSSTTUUVVWW showA · woeA · partB · heartB · placeC · faceC · pilesD · aislesD · dustE · trustE · alasF · passF · nowG · browG · high · loyalty · mournH · forlornH · dweltI · feltI · ownJ · o'erthrownJ · brideK · sideK · viewL · adieuL · faith · death · beheldM · swelledM · high · chivalry · pall · wall · showN · woeN · sighsO · obsequiesO · griefP · briefP · aboveQ · loveQ · mindR · kindR · feelS · zealS · bestT · breastT · tombU · bloomU · portrayV · awayV · artsW · heartsW
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| When first the fiery-mantled sun | 9 | ···/˘˘/˘· |
| His heavenly race began to run; | 9 | ·/˘˘·˘/·· |
| Round the earth and ocean blue, | 7 | ····/˘· |
| His children four the Seasons flew. | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| First, in green apparel dancing, | 8 | ···˘/˘/˘ |
| The young Spring smiled with angel grace; | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Rosy Summer next advancing, | 8 | /˘/˘·˘/˘ |
| Rushed into her sire’s embrace:— | 7 | ·····˘/ |
| Her bright-haired sire, who bade her keep | 9 | ···/˘···· |
| For ever nearest to his smiles, | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| On Calpe’s olive-shaded steep, | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| On India’s citron-covered isles: | 9 | ·/˘˘/˘/˘· |
| More remote and buxom-brown, | 7 | ·˘/·/˘· |
| The Queen of vintage bowed before his throne; | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| A rich pomegranate gemmed her crown, | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| A ripe sheaf bound her zone. | 6 | ······ |
| But howling Winter fled afar, | 8 | ·/˘/˘·˘/ |
| To hills that prop the polar star, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| And loves on deer-borne car to ride, | 8 | ········ |
| With barren darkness by his side, | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| Round the shore where loud Lofoden | 8 | ········ |
| Whirls to death the roaring whale, | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Round the hall where Runic Odin | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| Howls his war-song to the gale; | 7 | ······· |
| Save when adown the ravaged globe | 8 | ··˘/·/˘· |
| He travels on his native storm, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Deflowering Nature’s grassy robe, | 9 | ····/˘/˘· |
| And trampling on her faded form:— | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Till light’s returning lord assume | 8 | ··˘/˘·˘/ |
| The shaft that drives him to his polar field, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Of power to pierce his raven plume | 9 | ·/˘···/˘· |
| And crystal-covered shield. | 6 | ·/˘/˘· |
| Oh, sire of storms! whose savage ear | 9 | ·/˘···/˘· |
| The Lapland drum delights to hear, | 8 | ·/··˘/·· |
| When frenzy with her blood-shot eye | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Implores thy dreadful deity, | 8 | ˘/·/˘/˘˘ |
| Archangel! power of desolation! | 10 | ·/˘/˘··˘/˘ |
| Fast descending as thou art, | 7 | ·˘/˘··· |
| Say, hath mortal invocation | 8 | ··/˘·˘/˘ |
| Spells to touch thy stony heart? | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Then, sullen Winter, hear my prayer, | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| And gently rule the ruined year; | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Nor chill the wanderer’s bosom bare, | 9 | ···/˘˘/˘· |
| Nor freeze the wretch’s falling tear;— | 7 | ····/˘· |
| To shuddering Want’s unmantled bed | 8 | ·/˘˘···· |
| Thy horror-breathing agues cease to lead, | 9 | ·/˘/˘···· |
| And gently on the orphan head | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Of innocence descend. | 6 | ·/˘˘˘/ |
| But chiefly spare, O, king of clouds! | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| The sailor on his airy shrouds; | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| When wrecks and beacons strew the steep, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| And spectres walk along the deep. | 8 | ·/˘·˘/·· |
| Milder yet thy snowy breezes | 8 | /˘··/˘/˘ |
| Pour on yonder tented shores, | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| Where the Rhine’s broad billow freezes, | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| Or the dark-brown Danube roars. | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Oh, winds of Winter! list ye there | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| To many a deep and dying groan; | 9 | ·/˘···/˘· |
| Or start, ye demons of the midnight air, | 10 | ···/˘··/·· |
| At shrieks and thunders louder than your own. | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Alas! ev’n your unhallowed breath | 8 | ˘/··˘/˘· |
| May spare the victim fallen low; | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| But man will ask no truce to death,— | 8 | ········ |
| No bounds to human woe. | 6 | ···/˘· |
| Britons! although our task is but to show | 10 | /˘··/····· |
| The scenes and passions of fictitious woe, | 10 | ···/˘·˘/˘· |
| Think not we come this night without a part | 10 | ·········· |
| In that deep sorrow of the public heart, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Which like a shade hath darkened every place, | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| And moistened with a tear the manliest face! | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| The bell is scarcely hushed in Windsor’s piles, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| That tolled a requiem from the solemn aisles, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| For her, the royal flower, low laid in dust, | 10 | ···/˘/···· |
| That was your fairest hope, your fondest trust. | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Unconscious of the doom, we dreamt, alas! | 10 | ·/˘·····˘/ |
| That e’en these walls, ere many months should pass, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Which but return sad accents for her now, | 10 | ··˘/·/˘··· |
| Perhaps had witnessed her benignant brow, | 10 | ˘/·/˘·˘/˘· |
| Cheered by the voice you would have raised on high, | 10 | ·········· |
| In bursts of British love and loyalty. | 10 | ···/˘··/˘˘ |
| But, Britain! now thy chief, thy people mourn, | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| And Claremont’s home of love is left forlorn:— | 10 | ·/······˘/ |
| There, where the happiest of the happy dwelt, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| The ’scutcheon glooms, and royalty hath felt | 10 | ·/˘··/˘˘·· |
| A wound that every bosom feels its own,— | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| The blessing of a father’s heart o’erthrown— | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| The most beloved and most devoted bride | 10 | ··˘/··˘/˘· |
| Torn from an agonizèd husband’s side, | 9 | ······/˘· |
| Who “long as Memory holds her seat” shall view | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| That speechless, more than spoken last adieu, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘·˘/ |
| When the fixed eye long looked connubial faith, | 11 | ······˘/˘˘· |
| And beamed affection in the trance of death. | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| Sad was the pomp that yesternight beheld, | 10 | ·····/˘˘˘/ |
| As with the mourner’s heart the anthem swelled; | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| While torch succeeding torch illumed each high | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| And bannered arch of England’s chivalry. | 10 | ·/˘··/˘/˘˘ |
| The rich plumed canopy, the gorgeous pall, | 10 | ···/˘˘·/˘· |
| The sacred march, and sable-vested wall,— | 10 | ·/˘··/˘/˘· |
| These were not rites of inexpressive show, | 10 | ·········· |
| But hallowed as the types of real woe! | 9 | ·/˘······ |
| Daughter of England! for a nation’s sighs. | 10 | /˘·/˘··/˘· |
| A nation’s heart went with thine obsequies!— | 10 | ·/˘····/˘˘ |
| And oft shall time revert a look of grief | 10 | ····˘/···· |
| On thine existence, beautiful and brief. | 10 | ··˘/˘/˘˘·· |
| Fair spirit! send thy blessing from above | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| On realms where thou art canonised by love! | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Give to a father’s, husband’s bleeding mind, | 10 | ···/˘/˘/˘· |
| The peace that angels lend to human kind, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| To us who in thy loved remembrance feel | 10 | ······˘/˘· |
| A sorrowing, but a soul-ennobling zeal— | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘· |
| A loyalty that touches all the best | 10 | ·/˘˘·/˘··· |
| And loftiest principles of England’s breast! | 10 | ···/˘˘·/˘· |
| Still may thy name speak concord from the tomb— | 10 | ·····/···· |
| Still in the Muse’s breath thy memory bloom! | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| They shall describe thy life—thy form portray; | 10 | ··˘/····˘/ |
| But all the love that mourns thee swept away, | 10 | ········˘/ |
| ’Tis not in language or expressive arts | 10 | ···/˘·˘/˘· |
| To paint—yet feel it, Britons in your hearts! | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
Notes from the edition 1
The editorial notes to The Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell (Project Gutenberg #59788), 106 bracket-numbered notes.
- Stanza 4, line 16 This ode was written in Germany, at the close of 1800, before the conclusion of hostilities.
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