Sappho Redivivus—A Fragment

Robert Burns (1759–1796) · 1786–1796

iambic pentameter · heroic couplets · 42 lines · from Poems and Songs

By all I lov’d, neglected and forgot,No friendly face e’er lights my squalid cot;Shunn’d, hated, wrong’d, unpitied, unredrest,The mock’d quotation of the scorner’s jest!Ev’n the poor support of my wretched life,Snatched by the violence of legal strife.Oft grateful for my very daily breadTo those my family’s once large bounty fed;A welcome inmate at their homely fare,My griefs, my woes, my sighs, my tears they share:(Their vulgar souls unlike the souls refin’d,The fashioned marble of the polished mind).

In vain would Prudence, with decorous sneer,Point out a censuring world, and bid me fear;Above the world, on wings of Love, I rise—I know its worst, and can that worst despise;Let Prudence’ direst bodements on me fall,M[ontgomer]y, rich reward, o’erpays them all!

Mild zephyrs waft thee to life’s farthest shore,Nor think of me and my distress more,—Falsehood accurst! No! still I beg a place,Still near thy heart some little, little trace:For that dear trace the world I would resign:O let me live, and die, and think it mine!

“I burn, I burn, as when thro’ ripen’d cornBy driving winds the crackling flames are borne;”Now raving-wild, I curse that fatal night,Then bless the hour that charm’d my guilty sight:In vain the laws their feeble force oppose,Chain’d at Love’s feet, they groan, his vanquish’d foes.In vain Religion meets my shrinking eye,I dare not combat, but I turn and fly:Conscience in vain upbraids th’ unhallow’d fire,Love grasps her scorpions—stifled they expire!Reason drops headlong from his sacred throne,

Your dear idea reigns, and reigns alone;Each thought intoxicated homage yields,And riots wanton in forbidden fields.By all on high adoring mortals know!By all the conscious villain fears below!By your dear self!—the last great oath I swear,Not life, nor soul, were ever half so dear!

Words in this poem

squalid a.
Dirty through neglect; foul; filthy; extremely dirty. [L. squalidus, fr. squalere to be foul or filthy.]
quotation n.
The act of quoting or citing. [From Quote.]
jest n.
A deed; an action; a gest. [OE. jeste, geste, deed, action, story, tale, OF. geste, LL. gesta, orig., exploits, neut. pl. from L. gestus, p. p. of gerere to bear, carry, accomplish, perfor]
strife n.
The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
bounty n.
Goodness, kindness; virtue; worth. [OE. bounte goodness, kindness, F. bonté, fr. L. bonitas, fr. bonus good, for older duonus; cf. Skr. duvas honor, respect.]
homely a.
Belonging to, or having the characteristics of, home; domestic; familiar; intimate. [From Home, n.]
despise v. t.
To look down upon with disfavor or contempt; to contemn; to scorn; to disdain; to have a low opinion or contemptuous dislike of. [OF. despis-, in some forms of despire to despise, fr. L. despicere, despectum, to look down upon, despise; de- + spicere, specere, to look. See Spy, and cf. Des]
waft v. t.
To give notice to by waving something; to wave the hand to; to beckon. [Prob. originally imp. & p. p. of wave, v. t. See Wave to waver.]
accurst p. p.
Doomed to destruction or misery; cursed; hence, bad enough to be under the curse; execrable; detestable; exceedingly hateful; -- as, an accursed deed.
conscience n.
Knowledge of one's own thoughts or actions; consciousness. [F. conscience, fr. L. conscientia, fr. consciens, p.pr. of conscire to know, to be conscious; con- + scire to know. See Science.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Sappho Redivivus—A Fragment is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems and Songs of Robert Burns, Project Gutenberg ebook #1279; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Robert Burns, Sappho Redivivus—A Fragment, in Poems and Songs (1786–1796), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #1279, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/burns-poems/sappho-redivivus-a-fragment.html, id L03156.

Form and metre

Sappho Redivivus—A Fragment is 42 lines in 5 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 95% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 90%). 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.9 syllables.

See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABBCCDDEEFF forgotA · cotA · unredrestB · jestB · lifeC · strifeC · breadD · fedD · fareE · shareE · refin'dF · mindF
  2. 2 AABBCC sneerA · fearA · riseB · despiseB · fallC · allC
  3. 3 AABBCC shoreA · moreA · placeB · traceB · resignC · mineC
  4. 4 AABBCCDDEE- cornA · borneA · nightB · sightB · opposeC · foesC · eyeD · flyD · fireE · expireE · throne
  5. 5 -AABBCC alone · yieldsA · fieldsA · knowB · belowB · swearC · dearC
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
By all I lov’d, neglected and forgot,10····˘/˘·˘/
No friendly face e’er lights my squalid cot;10·/˘····/˘·
Shunn’d, hated, wrong’d, unpitied, unredrest,10·/˘·˘/˘···
The mock’d quotation of the scorner’s jest!10··˘/˘·····
Ev’n the poor support of my wretched life,10···˘/··/˘·
Snatched by the violence of legal strife.10···/˘˘·/˘·
Oft grateful for my very daily bread10·/˘··/˘/˘·
To those my family’s once large bounty fed;10···/˘··/˘·
A welcome inmate at their homely fare,10·/˘/···/˘·
My griefs, my woes, my sighs, my tears they share:10··········
(Their vulgar souls unlike the souls refin’d,10·/˘·˘/··˘/
The fashioned marble of the polished mind).10·/˘/˘··/˘·
In vain would Prudence, with decorous sneer,10···/˘·/˘˘·
Point out a censuring world, and bid me fear;10···/˘·····
Above the world, on wings of Love, I rise—10··········
I know its worst, and can that worst despise;10········˘/
Let Prudence’ direst bodements on me fall,11·/˘/˘······
M[ontgomer]y, rich reward, o’erpays them all!12······˘/····
Mild zephyrs waft thee to life’s farthest shore,10·/˘····/˘·
Nor think of me and my distress more,—9······˘/·
Falsehood accurst! No! still I beg a place,10/·········
Still near thy heart some little, little trace:10·····/˘/˘·
For that dear trace the world I would resign:10········˘/
O let me live, and die, and think it mine!10··········
“I burn, I burn, as when thro’ ripen’d corn10·······/˘·
By driving winds the crackling flames are borne;”10·/˘··/˘···
Now raving-wild, I curse that fatal night,10·/˘····/˘·
Then bless the hour that charm’d my guilty sight:10···/···/˘·
In vain the laws their feeble force oppose,10·····/˘·˘/
Chain’d at Love’s feet, they groan, his vanquish’d foes.10·······/˘·
In vain Religion meets my shrinking eye,10··˘/˘··/˘·
I dare not combat, but I turn and fly:10···/˘·····
Conscience in vain upbraids th’ unhallow’d fire,11/˘··/····/˘
Love grasps her scorpions—stifled they expire!10···/˘/˘·˘/
Reason drops headlong from his sacred throne,10/˘·/···/˘·
Your dear idea reigns, and reigns alone;10··˘/˘···˘/
Each thought intoxicated homage yields,10··˘/˘·˘/˘·
And riots wanton in forbidden fields.10·/˘/˘·˘/˘·
By all on high adoring mortals know!10····˘/˘/˘·
By all the conscious villain fears below!10···/˘/˘···
By your dear self!—the last great oath I swear,10··········
Not life, nor soul, were ever half so dear!10·····/˘···

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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