January

Robert Burns (1759–1796) · 1786–1796

iambic trimeter · 154 lines · from Poems and Songs

While winds frae aff Ben-Lomond blaw,An’ bar the doors wi’ driving snaw,An’ hing us owre the ingle,I set me down to pass the time,An’ spin a verse or twa o’ rhyme,In hamely, westlin jingle.While frosty winds blaw in the drift,Ben to the chimla lug,I grudge a wee the great-folk’s gift,That live sae bien an’ snug:I tent less, and want lessTheir roomy fire-side;But hanker, and canker,To see their cursed pride.

It’s hardly in a body’s pow’rTo keep, at times, frae being sour,To see how things are shar’d;How best o’ chiels are whiles in want,While coofs on countless thousands rant,And ken na how to wair’t;But, Davie, lad, ne’er fash your head,Tho’ we hae little gear;We’re fit to win our daily bread,As lang’s we’re hale and fier:“Mair spier na, nor fear na,”Auld age ne’er mind a feg;The last o’t, the warst o’tIs only but to beg.

To lie in kilns and barns at e’en,When banes are craz’d, and bluid is thin,Is doubtless, great distress!

Yet then content could make us blest;Ev’n then, sometimes, we’d snatch a tasteOf truest happiness.The honest heart that’s free frae a’Intended fraud or guile,However Fortune kick the ba’,Has aye some cause to smile;An’ mind still, you’ll find still,A comfort this nae sma’;Nae mair then we’ll care then,Nae farther can we fa’.

What tho’, like commoners of air,We wander out, we know not where,But either house or hal’,Yet nature’s charms, the hills and woods,The sweeping vales, and foaming floods,Are free alike to all.In days when daisies deck the ground,And blackbirds whistle clear,With honest joy our hearts will bound,To see the coming year:On braes when we please, then,We’ll sit an’ sowth a tune;Syne rhyme till’t we’ll time till’t,An’ sing’t when we hae done.

It’s no in titles nor in rank;It’s no in wealth like Lon’on bank,To purchase peace and rest:It’s no in makin’ muckle, mair;It’s no in books, it’s no in lear,To make us truly blest:If happiness hae not her seatAn’ centre in the breast,We may be wise, or rich, or great,But never can be blest;Nae treasures, nor pleasuresCould make us happy lang;The heart aye’s the part ayeThat makes us right or wrang.

Think ye, that sic as you and I,Wha drudge an’ drive thro’ wet and dry,Wi’ never-ceasing toil;Think ye, are we less blest than they,Wha scarcely tent us in their way,As hardly worth their while?Alas! how aft in haughty mood,God’s creatures they oppress!Or else, neglecting a’ that’s guid,They riot in excess!Baith careless and fearlessOf either heaven or hell;Esteeming and deemingIt’s a’ an idle tale!

Then let us cheerfu’ acquiesce,Nor make our scanty pleasures less,By pining at our state:And, even should misfortunes come,I, here wha sit, hae met wi’ some—An’s thankfu’ for them yet.They gie the wit of age to youth;They let us ken oursel’;They make us see the naked truth,The real guid and ill:Tho’ losses an’ crossesBe lessons right severe,There’s wit there, ye’ll get there,Ye’ll find nae other where.

But tent me, Davie, ace o’ hearts!(To say aught less wad wrang the cartes,And flatt’ry I detest)This life has joys for you and I;An’ joys that riches ne’er could buy,An’ joys the very best.There’s a’ the pleasures o’ the heart,The lover an’ the frien’;Ye hae your Meg, your dearest part,And I my darling Jean!It warms me, it charms me,To mention but her name:It heats me, it beets me,An’ sets me a’ on flame!

O all ye Pow’rs who rule above!O Thou whose very self art love!Thou know’st my words sincere!The life-blood streaming thro’ my heart,Or my more dear immortal part,Is not more fondly dear!When heart-corroding care and griefDeprive my soul of rest,Her dear idea brings relief,And solace to my breast.Thou Being, All-seeing,O hear my fervent pray’r;Still take her, and make herThy most peculiar care!

All hail! ye tender feelings dear!The smile of love, the friendly tear,The sympathetic glow!Long since, this world’s thorny waysHad number’d out my weary days,Had it not been for you!Fate still has blest me with a friend,In ev’ry care and ill;And oft a more endearing band—A tie more tender still.It lightens, it brightensThe tenebrific scene,To meet with, and greet withMy Davie, or my Jean!

O, how that name inspires my style!The words come skelpin, rank an’ file,Amaist before I ken!The ready measure rins as fine,As Phoebus an’ the famous NineWere glowrin owre my pen.My spaviet Pegasus will limp,Till ance he’s fairly het;And then he’ll hilch, and stilt, an’ jimp,And rin an unco fit:But least then the beast thenShould rue this hasty ride,I’ll light now, and dight nowHis sweaty, wizen’d hide.

Words in this poem 29
ingle n.
Flame; blaze; a fire; a fireplace. Burns. Ingle nock, the chimney corner. [Gael. & Ir. aingeali fire; cf. L. igniculusi spark, dim. of ignis fire. Cf. Ignite.]
jingle v. i.
To sound with a fine, sharp, rattling, clinking, or tinkling sound; as, sleigh bells jingle. [OE. gingelen, ginglen; prob. akin to E. chink; cf. also E. jangle.]
folk n.
In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
hanker v. i.
To long (for) with a keen appetite and uneasiness; to have a vehement desire; -- usually with for or after; as, to hanker after fruit; to hanker after the diversions of the town. [Prob. fr. hang; cf. D. hunkeren, hengelen.]
cursed a.
Deserving a curse; execrable; hateful; detestable; abominable.
whiles conj.
During the time that; while. Chaucer. Fuller.
countless a.
Incapable of being counted; not ascertainable; innumerable.
fash v. t.
To vex; to tease; to trouble. [OF. faschier, F. f, to anger, vex; cf. Pr. fasticar, fastigar, fr. L. fastidium dilike. See Fastidious.]
auld a.
Old; as, Auld Reekie (old smoky), i. e., Edinburgh. [See Old.]
doubtless a.
Free from fear or suspicion.
syne adv.
Afterwards; since; ago. R. of Brunne. [See Since.]
wealth n.
Weal; welfare; prosperity; good. [OE. welthe, from wele; cf. D. weelde luxury. See Weal prosperity.]
lear v. t.
To learn. See Lere, to learn.
centre v. i.
To be placed in a center; to be central.
haughty a.
High; lofty; bold. [OE. hautein, F. hautain, fr. haut high, OF. also halt, fr. L. altus. See Altitude.]
aught n.
Property; possession. [AS. , fr. agan to own, p. p. ahte.]
detest v. t.
To witness against; to denounce; to condemn. [L. detestare, detestatum, and detestari, to curse while calling a deity to witness, to execrate, detest; de + testari to be a witness, testify, testis a witness]
streaming a.
Sending forth streams.
fondly adv.
Foolishly. Verstegan (1673).
solace n.
Comfort in grief; alleviation of grief or anxiety; also, that which relieves in distress; that which cheers or consoles; relief. [OF. solas, ssoulaz, L. solacium, solatium, fr. solari to comfort, console. Cf. Console, v. t.]
fervent a.
Hot; glowing; boiling; burning; as, a fervent summer. [F. fervent, L. fervens, -entis. p.pr. of fervere o the boiling hot, to boil, glow.]
endearing a.
Making dear or beloved; causing love.
tenebrific a.
Rendering dark or gloomy; tenebrous; gloomy. [L. tenebrae darkness + facere to make.]
phoebus n.
Apollo; the sun god.
fairly adv.
In a fairmanner; clearly; openly; plainly; fully; distinctly; frankly.
jimp a.
Neat; handsome; elegant. See Gimp. [Cf. Gimp, a.]
unco a.
Unknown; strange, or foreign; unusual, or surprising; distant in manner; reserved. [Scot. The same word as E. uncouth.]
dight v. t.
To prepare; to put in order; hence, to dress, or put on; to array; to adorn. [OF. dihten, AS. dihtan to dictate, command, dispose, arrange, fr. L. dictare to say often, dictate, order; cf. G. dichten to write poetry, fr. L. dictare. See D]
sweaty a.
Moist with sweat; as, a sweaty skin; a sweaty garment.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

January is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems and Songs of Robert Burns, Project Gutenberg ebook #1279; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Robert Burns, January, in Poems and Songs (1786–1796), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #1279, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/burns-poems/january.html, id L02970.

Form and metre

January is 154 lines in 12 stanzas. The metre is iambic trimeter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 90%). 96% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 6.9 syllables. 11 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 12% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic trimeter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABCCBDEDE-F-F blawA · snawA · ingleB · timeC · rhymeC · jingleB · driftD · lugE · giftD · snugE · less · sideF · canker · prideF
  2. 2 ------ABAB---- pow'r · sour · shar'd · want · rant · wair't · headA · gearB · breadA · fierB · na · feg · o't · beg
  3. 4 ----A-A---- blest · taste · happiness · a · guileA · ba · smileA · still · sma · then · fa
  4. 5 AA----BCBC---- airA · whereA · hal · woods · floods · all · groundB · clearC · boundB · yearC · then · tune · till't · done
  5. 6 AABCCB-B-B-D-D rankA · bankA · restB · mairC · learC · blestB · seat · breastB · great · blestB · pleasures · langD · aye · wrangD
  6. 7 AA-BB--C-CC--- iA · dryA · toil · theyB · wayB · while · mood · oppressC · guid · excessC · fearlessC · hell · deeming · tale
  7. 8 AA-BB-C-C--DDD acquiesceA · lessA · state · comeB · someB · yet · youthC · oursel · truthC · ill · crosses · severeD · thereD · whereD
  8. 9 --ABBAC-C-DEDE hearts · cartes · detestA · iB · buyB · bestA · heartC · frien · partC · jean · meD · nameE · meD · flameE
  9. 10 AABCCBDEDE---- aboveA · loveA · sincereB · heartC · partC · dearB · griefD · restE · reliefD · breastE · seeing · pray'r · her · care
  10. 11 AA-BB--C-C-D-D dearA · tearA · glow · waysB · daysB · you · friend · illC · band · stillC · brightens · sceneD · with · jeanD
  11. 12 AABCCBD-D-BE-E styleA · fileA · kenB · fineC · nineC · penB · limpD · het · jimpD · fit · thenB · rideE · now · hideE
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic trimeter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
While winds frae aff Ben-Lomond blaw,8········
An’ bar the doors wi’ driving snaw,8·····/˘·
An’ hing us owre the ingle,7·····/˘
I set me down to pass the time,8········
An’ spin a verse or twa o’ rhyme,8········
In hamely, westlin jingle.8······/˘
While frosty winds blaw in the drift,8·/˘·····
Ben to the chimla lug,6······
I grudge a wee the great-folk’s gift,8········
That live sae bien an’ snug:6······
I tent less, and want less6······
Their roomy fire-side;6·/˘/˘·
But hanker, and canker,6·/˘·/˘
To see their cursed pride.5·····
It’s hardly in a body’s pow’r8·/˘··/˘·
To keep, at times, frae being sour,9·····/˘/˘
To see how things are shar’d;6······
How best o’ chiels are whiles in want,8········
While coofs on countless thousands rant,8···/˘/˘·
And ken na how to wair’t;6······
But, Davie, lad, ne’er fash your head,8·/˘·····
Tho’ we hae little gear;6···/˘·
We’re fit to win our daily bread,8····//˘·
As lang’s we’re hale and fier:6······
“Mair spier na, nor fear na,”7·/˘····
Auld age ne’er mind a feg;6······
The last o’t, the warst o’t6······
Is only but to beg.6·/˘···
To lie in kilns and barns at e’en,8········
When banes are craz’d, and bluid is thin,8········
Is doubtless, great distress!6·/˘·˘/
Yet then content could make us blest;8··/˘····
Ev’n then, sometimes, we’d snatch a taste8··˘/····
Of truest happiness.6·/˘/˘˘
The honest heart that’s free frae a’8·/˘·····
Intended fraud or guile,6˘/˘···
However Fortune kick the ba’,8·/˘/˘···
Has aye some cause to smile;6······
An’ mind still, you’ll find still,6······
A comfort this nae sma’;6·/˘···
Nae mair then we’ll care then,6······
Nae farther can we fa’.6·/˘···
What tho’, like commoners of air,8···/˘˘··
We wander out, we know not where,8·/˘·····
But either house or hal’,6·/˘···
Yet nature’s charms, the hills and woods,8·/˘·····
The sweeping vales, and foaming floods,8·/˘··/˘·
Are free alike to all.6··˘/··
In days when daisies deck the ground,8···/˘···
And blackbirds whistle clear,6·/˘/˘·
With honest joy our hearts will bound,8·/˘·/···
To see the coming year:6···/˘·
On braes when we please, then,6······
We’ll sit an’ sowth a tune;6······
Syne rhyme till’t we’ll time till’t,6······
An’ sing’t when we hae done.6······
It’s no in titles nor in rank;8···/˘···
It’s no in wealth like Lon’on bank,8·····/˘·
To purchase peace and rest:6·/˘···
It’s no in makin’ muckle, mair;8···/˘/˘·
It’s no in books, it’s no in lear,8········
To make us truly blest:6···/˘·
If happiness hae not her seat8·/˘˘····
An’ centre in the breast,6·/˘···
We may be wise, or rich, or great,8········
But never can be blest;6·/˘···
Nae treasures, nor pleasures6·/˘·/˘
Could make us happy lang;6···/˘·
The heart aye’s the part aye6······
That makes us right or wrang.6······
Think ye, that sic as you and I,8········
Wha drudge an’ drive thro’ wet and dry,8········
Wi’ never-ceasing toil;6·/˘/˘·
Think ye, are we less blest than they,8········
Wha scarcely tent us in their way,8·/˘·····
As hardly worth their while?6·/˘···
Alas! how aft in haughty mood,8˘/···/˘·
God’s creatures they oppress!6·/˘·˘/
Or else, neglecting a’ that’s guid,8··˘/˘···
They riot in excess!6·/˘·˘/
Baith careless and fearless6·/˘·/˘
Of either heaven or hell;7·/˘/˘··
Esteeming and deeming6˘/˘·/˘
It’s a’ an idle tale!6···/˘·
Then let us cheerfu’ acquiesce,8······˘/
Nor make our scanty pleasures less,8··//˘/˘·
By pining at our state:7·/˘·/˘·
And, even should misfortunes come,8·/˘·˘/˘·
I, here wha sit, hae met wi’ some—8········
An’s thankfu’ for them yet.6······
They gie the wit of age to youth;8········
They let us ken oursel’;6······
They make us see the naked truth,8·····/˘·
The real guid and ill:5·····
Tho’ losses an’ crosses6·/˘·/˘
Be lessons right severe,6·/˘·˘/
There’s wit there, ye’ll get there,6······
Ye’ll find nae other where.6···/˘·
But tent me, Davie, ace o’ hearts!8···/˘···
(To say aught less wad wrang the cartes,8········
And flatt’ry I detest)6····˘/
This life has joys for you and I;8········
An’ joys that riches ne’er could buy,8···/˘···
An’ joys the very best.6···/˘·
There’s a’ the pleasures o’ the heart,8···/˘···
The lover an’ the frien’;6·/˘···
Ye hae your Meg, your dearest part,8·····/˘·
And I my darling Jean!6···/˘·
It warms me, it charms me,6······
To mention but her name:6·/˘···
It heats me, it beets me,6······
An’ sets me a’ on flame!6······
O all ye Pow’rs who rule above!8········
O Thou whose very self art love!8···/˘···
Thou know’st my words sincere!6····˘/
The life-blood streaming thro’ my heart,8···/˘···
Or my more dear immortal part,8····˘/˘·
Is not more fondly dear!6···/˘·
When heart-corroding care and grief8··˘/˘···
Deprive my soul of rest,6˘/····
Her dear idea brings relief,8··˘/˘·˘/
And solace to my breast.6·/˘···
Thou Being, All-seeing,6·/˘·/˘
O hear my fervent pray’r;6···/˘·
Still take her, and make her6······
Thy most peculiar care!6··˘/˘·
All hail! ye tender feelings dear!8···/˘/˘·
The smile of love, the friendly tear,8·····/˘·
The sympathetic glow!6··˘/˘·
Long since, this world’s thorny ways7····/˘·
Had number’d out my weary days,8·/˘··/˘·
Had it not been for you!6······
Fate still has blest me with a friend,8········
In ev’ry care and ill;6······
And oft a more endearing band—8····˘/˘·
A tie more tender still.6···/˘·
It lightens, it brightens6·/˘·/˘
The tenebrific scene,6······
To meet with, and greet with6······
My Davie, or my Jean!6·/˘···
O, how that name inspires my style!8····˘/··
The words come skelpin, rank an’ file,8········
Amaist before I ken!6······
The ready measure rins as fine,8·/˘/˘···
As Phoebus an’ the famous Nine8·/˘··/˘·
Were glowrin owre my pen.6······
My spaviet Pegasus will limp,8···/˘˘··
Till ance he’s fairly het;6···/˘·
And then he’ll hilch, and stilt, an’ jimp,8········
And rin an unco fit:6···/˘·
But least then the beast then6······
Should rue this hasty ride,6···/˘·
I’ll light now, and dight now6······
His sweaty, wizen’d hide.6·/˘/˘·
Notes from the edition 1

Notes from The Complete Works of Robert Burns (Project Gutenberg #1279).

  1. Stanza 2, line 11 “Holy Fair” is a common phrase in the west of Scotland for a sacramental occasion.—R. B.

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