The Past

William Cullen Bryant (1794–1878) · 1821–1876

iambic trimeter · ABAB · 56 lines · from Poems

Thou unrelenting Past!Strong are the barriers round thy dark domain,And fetters, sure and fast,Hold all that enter thy unbreathing reign.

Far in thy realm withdrawnOld empires sit in sullenness and gloom,And glorious ages goneLie deep within the shadow of thy womb.

Childhood, with all its mirth,Youth, Manhood, Age, that draws us to the ground,And last, Man's Life on earth,Glide to thy dim dominions, and are bound.

Thou hast my better years,Thou hast my earlier friends--the good--the kind,Yielded to thee with tears--The venerable form--the exalted mind.

My spirit yearns to bringThe lost ones back--yearns with desire intense,And struggles hard to wringThy bolts apart, and pluck thy captives thence.

In vain--thy gates denyAll passage save to those who hence depart;Nor to the streaming eyeThou giv'st them back--nor to the broken heart.

In thy abysses hideBeauty and excellence unknown--to theeEarth's wonder and her prideAre gathered, as the waters to the sea;

Labours of good to man,Unpublished charity, unbroken faith,--Love, that midst grief began,And grew with years, and faltered not in death.

Full many a mighty nameLurks in thy depths, unuttered, unrevered;With thee are silent fame,Forgotten arts, and wisdom disappeared.

Thine for a space are they--Yet shalt thou yield thy treasures up at last;Thy gates shall yet give way,Thy bolts shall fall, inexorable Past!

All that of good and fairHas gone into thy womb from earliest time,Shall then come forth to wearThe glory and the beauty of its prime.

They have not perished--no!Kind words, remembered voices once so sweet,Smiles, radiant long ago,And features, the great soul's apparent seat.

All shall come back, each tieOf pure affection shall be knit again;Alone shall Evil die,And Sorrow dwell a prisoner in thy reign.

And then shall I beholdHim, by whose kind paternal side I sprung,And her, who, still and cold,Fills the next grave--the beautiful and young.

Words in this poem

unrelenting a.
Not relenting; unyielding; rigid; hard; stern; cruel.
glorious a.
Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L. gloriosus. See Glory, n.]
womb n.
The belly; the abdomen. [OE. wombe, wambe, AS. wamb, womb; akin to D. wam belly, OS. & OHG. wamba, G. wamme, wampe, Icel. vömb, Sw. v&mb, Dan. vom, Goth. wamba.]
childhood n.
The state of being a child; the time in which persons are children; the condition or time from infancy to puberty. [AS. cildhad; cild child + -had. See Child, and hood.]
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
depart v. i.
To part; to divide; to separate. [OE. departen to divide, part, depart, F. départir to divide, distribute, se départir to separate one's self, depart; pref. dé- (L. de) + partir to part, depart,]
streaming a.
Sending forth streams.
shalt
2d per. sing. of Shall.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
dwell v. i.
To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Past is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems by William Cullen Bryant, Project Gutenberg ebook #16341; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: William Cullen Bryant, The Past, in Poems (1821–1876), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #16341, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/bryant-poems/the-past.html, id L07312.

Form and metre

The Past is 56 lines in 14 stanzas of 4 lines each. The rhyme scheme is ABAB, complete in 13 of its 14 stanzas. The metre is iambic trimeter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 87%). 95% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.1 syllables. 25% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic trimeter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABAB pastA · domainB · fastA · reignB
  2. 2 ABAB withdrawnA · gloomB · goneA · wombB
  3. 3 ABAB mirthA · groundB · earthA · boundB
  4. 4 ABAB yearsA · kindB · tearsA · mindB
  5. 5 ABAB bringA · intenseB · wringA · thenceB
  6. 6 ABAB denyA · departB · eyeA · heartB
  7. 7 ABAB hideA · theeB · prideA · seaB
  8. 8 A-A- manA · faith · beganA · death
  9. 9 ABAB nameA · unreveredB · fameA · disappearedB
  10. 10 ABAB theyA · lastB · wayA · pastB
  11. 11 ABAB fairA · timeB · wearA · primeB
  12. 12 ABAB noA · sweetB · agoA · seatB
  13. 13 ABAB tieA · againB · dieA · reignB
  14. 14 ABAB beholdA · sprungB · coldA · youngB
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic trimeter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Thou unrelenting Past!6··˘/˘·
Strong are the barriers round thy dark domain,10···/˘···˘/
And fetters, sure and fast,6·/˘···
Hold all that enter thy unbreathing reign.10···/˘·····
Far in thy realm withdrawn6····˘/
Old empires sit in sullenness and gloom,10·/˘·······
And glorious ages gone7·/˘˘/˘·
Lie deep within the shadow of thy womb.10·····/····
Childhood, with all its mirth,6/·····
Youth, Manhood, Age, that draws us to the ground,10·/········
And last, Man's Life on earth,6······
Glide to thy dim dominions, and are bound.10····˘/˘···
Thou hast my better years,6···/˘·
Thou hast my earlier friends--the good--the kind,10···/˘·····
Yielded to thee with tears--6/˘····
The venerable form--the exalted mind.10·/˘˘··˘/˘·
My spirit yearns to bring6·/˘···
The lost ones back--yearns with desire intense,10······˘/˘/
And struggles hard to wring6·/˘···
Thy bolts apart, and pluck thy captives thence.10··˘/···/˘·
In vain--thy gates deny6····˘/
All passage save to those who hence depart;10·/˘·····˘/
Nor to the streaming eye6···/˘·
Thou giv'st them back--nor to the broken heart.10·······/˘·
In thy abysses hide6··˘/˘·
Beauty and excellence unknown--to thee10/˘·/˘˘˘/··
Earth's wonder and her pride6·/˘···
Are gathered, as the waters to the sea;10·/˘··/˘···
Labours of good to man,6/˘····
Unpublished charity, unbroken faith,--10˘/˘/˘˘˘/˘·
Love, that midst grief began,6····˘/
And grew with years, and faltered not in death.10·····/˘···
Full many a mighty name7·/˘·/˘·
Lurks in thy depths, unuttered, unrevered;10··········
With thee are silent fame,6···/˘·
Forgotten arts, and wisdom disappeared.10˘/˘··/˘·˘/
Thine for a space are they--6······
Yet shalt thou yield thy treasures up at last;10·····/˘···
Thy gates shall yet give way,6······
Thy bolts shall fall, inexorable Past!10·····/˘˘˘·
All that of good and fair6······
Has gone into thy womb from earliest time,10·······/˘·
Shall then come forth to wear6······
The glory and the beauty of its prime.10·/˘··/˘···
They have not perished--no!6···/˘·
Kind words, remembered voices once so sweet,10··˘/˘/˘···
Smiles, radiant long ago,7·/˘˘·˘/
And features, the great soul's apparent seat.10·/˘···˘/˘·
All shall come back, each tie6······
Of pure affection shall be knit again;10··˘/˘···˘/
Alone shall Evil die,6˘/·/˘·
And Sorrow dwell a prisoner in thy reign.10·/˘··/˘···
And then shall I behold6····˘/
Him, by whose kind paternal side I sprung,10····˘/˘···
And her, who, still and cold,6······
Fills the next grave--the beautiful and young.10·····/˘˘··

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