Rizpah

William Cullen Bryant (1794–1878) · 1821–1876

iambic pentameter · heroic couplets · 74 lines · from Poems

Hear what the desolate Rizpah said,As on Gibeah's rocks she watched the dead.The sons of Michal before her lay,And her own fair children, dearer than they:By a death of shame they all had died,And were stretched on the bare rock, side by side.And Rizpah, once the loveliest of allThat bloomed and smiled in the court of Saul,All wasted with watching and famine now,And scorched by the sun her haggard brow,Sat mournfully guarding their corpses there,And murmured a strange and solemn air;The low, heart-broken, and wailing strainOf a mother that mourns her children slain:

"I have made the crags my home, and spreadOn their desert backs my sackcloth bed;I have eaten the bitter herb of the rocks,And drunk the midnight dew in my locks;I have wept till I could not weep, and the painOf my burning eyeballs went to my brain.Seven blackened corpses before me lie,In the blaze of the sun and the winds of the sky.I have watched them through the burning day,And driven the vulture and raven away;And the cormorant wheeled in circles round,Yet feared to alight on the guarded ground.And when the shadows of twilight came,I have seen the hyena's eyes of flame,And heard at my side his stealthy tread,But aye at my shout the savage fled:And I threw the lighted brand to frightThe jackal and wolf that yelled in the night.

"Ye were foully murdered, my hapless sons,By the hands of wicked and cruel ones;Ye fell, in your fresh and blooming prime,All innocent, for your father's crime.He sinned--but he paid the price of his guiltWhen his blood by a nameless hand was spilt;When he strove with the heathen host in vain,And fell with the flower of his people slain,And the sceptre his children's hands should swayFrom his injured lineage passed away.

"But I hoped that the cottage roof would beA safe retreat for my sons and me;And that while they ripened to manhood fast,They should wean my thoughts from the woes of the past.And my bosom swelled with a mother's pride,As they stood in their beauty and strength by my side,Tall like their sire, with the princely graceOf his stately form, and the bloom of his face.

"Oh, what an hour for a mother's heart,When the pitiless ruffians tore us apart!When I clasped their knees and wept and prayed,And struggled and shrieked to Heaven for aid,And clung to my sons with desperate strength,Till the murderers loosed my hold at length,And bore me breathless and faint aside,In their iron arms, while my children died.They died--and the mother that gave them birthIs forbid to cover their bones with earth.

"The barley-harvest was nodding white,When my children died on the rocky height,And the reapers were singing on hill and plain,When I came to my task of sorrow and pain.But now the season of rain is nigh,The sun is dim in the thickening sky,And the clouds in sullen darkness restWhere he hides his light at the doors of the west.I hear the howl of the wind that bringsThe long drear storm on its heavy wings;But the howling wind and the driving rainWill beat on my houseless head in vain:I shall stay, from my murdered sons to scareThe beasts of the desert, and fowls of air."

Words in this poem 19
famine n.
General scarcity of food; dearth; a want of provisions; destitution. [F. famine, fr. L. fames hunger; cf. Gr. hani loss, lack, ha to leave.]
haggard a.
Wild or intractable; disposed to break away from duty; untamed; as, a haggard or refractory hawk. Shak [F. hagard; of German origin, and prop. meaning, of the hegde or woods, wild, untamed. See Hedge, 1st Haw, and -ard.]
backs n.
Among leather dealers, the thickest and stoutest tanned hides.
sackcloth n.
Linen or cotton cloth such a sacks are made of; coarse cloth; anciently, a cloth or garment worn in mourning, distress, mortification, or penitence.
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
foully v.
In a foul manner; filthily; nastily; shamefully; unfairly; dishonorably.
hapless a.
Without hap or luck; luckless; unfortunate; unlucky; unhappy; as, hapless youth; hapless maid.
nameless a.
Without a name; not having been given a name; as, a nameless star.
sceptre n.
A staff or baton borne by a sovereign, as a ceremonial badge or emblem of authority; a royal mace. [F. sceptre, L. sceptrum, from Gr. shaft. See Shaft, and cf. Scape a stem, shaft.]
sire n.
A lord, master, or other person in authority. See Sir. [F. sire, originally, an older person. See Sir.]
tore n.
The dead grass that remains on mowing land in winter and spring. Mortimer. [Probably from the root of tear; cf. W. tór a break, cut, tóri to break, cut.]
clung a.
Wasted away; shrunken. [Prop. p. p. fr. OE. clingen to wither. See Cling, v. i.]
desperate a.
Without hope; given to despair; hopeless. [L. desperatus, p. p. of desperare. See Despair, and cf. Desperado.]
breathless a.
Spent with labor or violent action; out of breath.
sullen a.
Lonely; solitary; desolate. Wyclif (Job iii. 14). [OE. solein, solain, lonely, sullen; through Old French fr. (assumed) LL. solanus solitary, fr. L. solus alone. See Sole, a.]
drear n.
Sadness; dismalness.
houseless a.
Destitute of the shelter of a house; shelterless; homeless; as, a houseless wanderer.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
scare v. t.
To frighten; to strike with sudden fear; to alarm. [OE. skerren, skeren, Icel. skirra to bar, prevent, skirrask to shun , shrink from; or fr. OE. skerre, adj., scared, Icel. skjarr; both perhaps akin to E. sheer ]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Rizpah is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems by William Cullen Bryant, Project Gutenberg ebook #16341; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: William Cullen Bryant, Rizpah, in Poems (1821–1876), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #16341, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/bryant-poems/rizpah.html, id L07264.

Form and metre

Rizpah is 74 lines in 6 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 76%). 83% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.8 syllables. 19% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABBCCDDEEFFGG saidA · deadA · layB · theyB · diedC · sideC · allD · saulD · nowE · browE · thereF · airF · strainG · slainG
  2. 2 AABBCCDDEEFFGGAAHH spreadA · bedA · rocksB · locksB · painC · brainC · lieD · skyD · dayE · awayE · roundF · groundF · cameG · flameG · treadA · fledA · frightH · nightH
  3. 3 AABBCCDDEE sonsA · onesA · primeB · crimeB · guiltC · spiltC · vainD · slainD · swayE · awayE
  4. 4 AABBCCDD beA · meA · fastB · pastB · prideC · sideC · graceD · faceD
  5. 5 AABBCCDDEE heartA · apartA · prayedB · aidB · strengthC · lengthC · asideD · diedD · birthE · earthE
  6. 6 AABBCCDDEEBBFF whiteA · heightA · plainB · painB · nighC · skyC · restD · westD · bringsE · wingsE · rainB · vainB · scareF · airF
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Hear what the desolate Rizpah said,9···/˘····
As on Gibeah's rocks she watched the dead.10·······˘··
The sons of Michal before her lay,9···/˘····
And her own fair children, dearer than they:10····/˘/˘··
By a death of shame they all had died,9·········
And were stretched on the bare rock, side by side.10··········
And Rizpah, once the loveliest of all10··········
That bloomed and smiled in the court of Saul,10··˘·······
All wasted with watching and famine now,10·/˘·/˘·/˘·
And scorched by the sun her haggard brow,10··˘····/˘·
Sat mournfully guarding their corpses there,10····/˘·/˘·
And murmured a strange and solemn air;10·/˘˘···/˘·
The low, heart-broken, and wailing strain9···/˘·/˘·
Of a mother that mourns her children slain:10··/˘···/˘·
"I have made the crags my home, and spread9·········
On their desert backs my sackcloth bed;9··/˘··/˘·
I have eaten the bitter herb of the rocks,11··/˘·/˘····
And drunk the midnight dew in my locks;9···/·····
I have wept till I could not weep, and the pain11···········
Of my burning eyeballs went to my brain.10··/˘/·····
Seven blackened corpses before me lie,10/˘/˘/˘····
In the blaze of the sun and the winds of the sky.12············
I have watched them through the burning day,10···˘···/˘·
And driven the vulture and raven away;10·/·/˘·/˘˘/
And the cormorant wheeled in circles round,10··/˘˘··/˘·
Yet feared to alight on the guarded ground.10···˘/··/˘·
And when the shadows of twilight came,9···/··/··
I have seen the hyena's eyes of flame,10····˘/˘···
And heard at my side his stealthy tread,9······/˘·
But aye at my shout the savage fled:9······/˘·
And I threw the lighted brand to fright9····/˘···
The jackal and wolf that yelled in the night.10·/˘·······
"Ye were foully murdered, my hapless sons,10··/˘/˘·/˘·
By the hands of wicked and cruel ones;10····/˘·/˘·
Ye fell, in your fresh and blooming prime,9······/˘·
All innocent, for your father's crime.9·/˘˘··/˘·
He sinned--but he paid the price of his guilt10··········
When his blood by a nameless hand was spilt;10·····/˘···
When he strove with the heathen host in vain,10·····/˘···
And fell with the flower of his people slain,10····/··/˘·
And the sceptre his children's hands should sway10··/˘·/˘···
From his injured lineage passed away.10··/˘/˘˘·˘/
"But I hoped that the cottage roof would be10·····/˘···
A safe retreat for my sons and me;9··˘/·····
And that while they ripened to manhood fast,10····/˘·/··
They should wean my thoughts from the woes of the past.11···········
And my bosom swelled with a mother's pride,10··/˘···/˘·
As they stood in their beauty and strength by my side,12·····/˘·····
Tall like their sire, with the princely grace10···/˘··/˘·
Of his stately form, and the bloom of his face.11··/˘·······
"Oh, what an hour for a mother's heart,10···/˘··/˘·
When the pitiless ruffians tore us apart!10··/˘····˘/
When I clasped their knees and wept and prayed,10···˘······
And struggled and shrieked to Heaven for aid,10·/˘···/˘··
And clung to my sons with desperate strength,9······/˘·
Till the murderers loosed my hold at length,10··/˘˘·····
And bore me breathless and faint aside,9···/˘··˘/
In their iron arms, while my children died.10··/˘···/˘·
They died--and the mother that gave them birth10····/˘····
Is forbid to cover their bones with earth.10·˘/·/˘····
"The barley-harvest was nodding white,9·/˘/˘·/˘·
When my children died on the rocky height,10··/˘···/˘·
And the reapers were singing on hill and plain,11··/˘·/˘····
When I came to my task of sorrow and pain.11·······/˘··
But now the season of rain is nigh,9···/˘····
The sun is dim in the thickening sky,10······/˘˘·
And the clouds in sullen darkness rest9····/˘/˘·
Where he hides his light at the doors of the west.11···········
I hear the howl of the wind that brings9·········
The long drear storm on its heavy wings;9······/˘·
But the howling wind and the driving rain10··/˘···/˘·
Will beat on my houseless head in vain:9····/˘···
I shall stay, from my murdered sons to scare10·····/˘···
The beasts of the desert, and fowls of air."10····/˘····

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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