Catterskill Falls
Midst greens and shades the Catterskill leaps,From cliffs where the wood-flower clings;All summer he moistens his verdant steepsWith the sweet light spray of the mountain springs;And he shakes the woods on the mountain side,When they drip with the rains of autumn-tide.
But when, in the forest bare and old,The blast of December calls,He builds, in the starlight clear and cold,A palace of ice where his torrent falls,With turret, and arch, and fretwork fair,And pillars blue as the summer air.
For whom are those glorious chambers wrought,In the cold and cloudless night?Is there neither spirit nor motion of thoughtIn forms so lovely, and hues so bright?Hear what the gray-haired woodmen tellOf this wild stream and its rocky dell.
'Twas hither a youth of dreamy mood,A hundred winters ago,Had wandered over the mighty wood,When the panther's track was fresh on the snow,And keen were the winds that came to stirThe long dark boughs of the hemlock fir.
Too gentle of mien he seemed and fair,For a child of those rugged steeps;His home lay low in the valley whereThe kingly Hudson rolls to the deeps;But he wore the hunter's frock that day,And a slender gun on his shoulder lay.
And here he paused, and against the trunkOf a tall gray linden leant,When the broad clear orb of the sun had sunkFrom his path in the frosty firmament,And over the round dark edge of the hillA cold green light was quivering still.
And the crescent moon, high over the green,From a sky of crimson shone,On that icy palace, whose towers were seenTo sparkle as if with stars of their own;While the water fell with a hollow sound,'Twixt the glistening pillars ranged around.
Is that a being of life, that movesWhere the crystal battlements rise?A maiden watching the moon she loves,At the twilight hour, with pensive eyes?Was that a garment which seemed to gleamBetwixt the eye and the falling stream?
'Tis only the torrent tumbling o'er,In the midst of those glassy walls,Gushing, and plunging, and beating the floorOf the rocky basin in which it falls.'Tis only the torrent--but why that start?Why gazes the youth with a throbbing heart?
He thinks no more of his home afar,Where his sire and sister wait.He heeds no longer how star after starLooks forth on the night as the hour grows late.He heeds not the snow-wreaths, lifted and castFrom a thousand boughs, by the rising blast.
His thoughts are alone of those who dwellIn the halls of frost and snow,Who pass where the crystal domes upswellFrom the alabaster floors below,Where the frost-trees shoot with leaf and spray,And frost-gems scatter a silvery day.
"And oh that those glorious haunts were mine!"He speaks, and throughout the glenThin shadows swim in the faint moonshine,And take a ghastly likeness of men,As if the slain by the wintry stormsCame forth to the air in their earthly forms.
There pass the chasers of seal and whale,With their weapons quaint and grim,And bands of warriors in glittering mail,And herdsmen and hunters huge of limb.There are naked arms, with bow and spear,And furry gauntlets the carbine rear.
There are mothers--and oh how sadly their eyesOn their children's white brows rest!There are youthful lovers--the maiden lies,In a seeming sleep, on the chosen breast;There are fair wan women with moonstruck air,The snow stars flecking their long loose hair.
They eye him not as they pass along,But his hair stands up with dread,When he feels that he moves with that phantom throng,Till those icy turrets are over his head,And the torrent's roar as they enter seemsLike a drowsy murmur heard in dreams.
The glittering threshold is scarcely passed,When there gathers and wraps him roundA thick white twilight, sullen and vast,In which there is neither form nor sound;The phantoms, the glory, vanish all,With the dying voice of the waterfall.
Slow passes the darkness of that trance,And the youth now faintly seesHuge shadows and gushes of light that danceOn a rugged ceiling of unhewn trees,And walls where the skins of beasts are hung,And rifles glitter on antlers strung.
On a couch of shaggy skins he lies;As he strives to raise his head,Hard-featured woodmen, with kindly eyes,Come round him and smooth his furry bedAnd bid him rest, for the evening starIs scarcely set and the day is far.
They had found at eve the dreaming oneBy the base of that icy steep,When over his stiffening limbs begunThe deadly slumber of frost to creep,And they cherished the pale and breathless form,Till the stagnant blood ran free and warm.
Words in this poem 22
- drip v. i.
- To fall in drops; as, water drips from the eaves. [Akin to LG. drippen, Dan. dryppe, from a noun. See Drop.]
- starlight n.
- The light given by the stars.
- fretwork n.
- Work adorned with frets; ornamental openwork or work in relief, esp. when elaborate and minute in its parts. Heuce, any minute play of light andshade, dark and light, or the like. [6th fret + work.]
- glorious a.
- Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L. gloriosus. See Glory, n.]
- cloudless a.
- Without a cloud; clear; bright.
- dell n.
- A small, retired valley; a ravine. [AS. del, akin to E. dale; cf. D. delle, del, low ground. See Dale.]
- dreamy a.
- Abounding in dreams or given to dreaming; appropriate to, or like, dreams; visionary.
- firmament n.
- Fixed foundation; established basis. [L. firmamentum, fr. firmare to make firm: cf. F. firmament. See Firm, v. & a.]
- betwixt prep.
- In the space which separates; between. [OE. betwix, bitwix, rarely bitwixt, AS. betweox, betweohs, betweoh, betwih; pref. be- by + a form fr. AS. twa two. See Between.]
- afar adv.
- At, to, or from a great distance; far away; -- often used with from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw him afar off. [Pref. a-.(for on or of) + far.]
- sire n.
- A lord, master, or other person in authority. See Sir. [F. sire, originally, an older person. See Sir.]
- dwell v. i.
- To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
- upswell v. i.
- To swell or rise up.
- moonshine n.
- The light of the moon.
- wintry a.
- Suitable to winter; resembling winter, or what belongs to winter; brumal; hyemal; cold; stormy; wintery. [AS. wintrig.]
- quaint a.
- Prudent; wise; hence, crafty; artful; wily. [OE. queint, queynte, coint, prudent, wise, cunning, pretty, odd, OF. cointe cultivated, amiable, agreeable, neat, fr. L. cognitus known, p. p. of cognoscere to ]
- furry a.
- Covered with fur; dressed in fur. [From Fur.]
- sadly adv.
- Wearily; heavily; firmly.
- moonstruck a.
- Mentally affected or deranged by the supposed influence of the moon; lunatic.
- sullen a.
- Lonely; solitary; desolate. Wyclif (Job iii. 14). [OE. solein, solain, lonely, sullen; through Old French fr. (assumed) LL. solanus solitary, fr. L. solus alone. See Sole, a.]
- stiffening n.
- Act or process of making stiff.
- breathless a.
- Spent with labor or violent action; out of breath.
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Catterskill Falls is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems by William Cullen Bryant, Project Gutenberg ebook #16341; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: William Cullen Bryant, Catterskill Falls, in Poems (1821–1876), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #16341, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/bryant-poems/catterskill-falls.html, id L07346.
Form and metre
Catterskill Falls is 114 lines in 19 stanzas of 6 lines each. The rhyme scheme is ABABCC, complete in 15 of its 19 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 78%). 85% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.2 syllables. 3 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 24% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 -A-ABB leaps · clingsA · steeps · springsA · sideB · tideB
- 2 ABABCC oldA · callsB · coldA · fallsB · fairC · airC
- 3 ABABCC wroughtA · nightB · thoughtA · brightB · tellC · dellC
- 4 -A-ABB mood · agoA · wood · snowA · stirB · firB
- 5 ABABCC fairA · steepsB · whereA · deepsB · dayC · layC
- 6 ABABCC trunkA · leantB · sunkA · firmamentB · hillC · stillC
- 7 ABABCC greenA · shoneB · seenA · ownB · soundC · aroundC
- 8 -A-ABB moves · riseA · loves · eyesA · gleamB · streamB
- 9 -A-ABB o'er · wallsA · floor · fallsA · startB · heartB
- 10 ABABCC afarA · waitB · starA · lateB · castC · blastC
- 11 ABABCC dwellA · snowB · upswellA · belowB · sprayC · dayC
- 12 ABABCC mineA · glenB · moonshineA · menB · stormsC · formsC
- 13 ABABCC whaleA · grimB · mailA · limbB · spearC · rearC
- 14 ABABCC eyesA · restB · liesA · breastB · airC · hairC
- 15 ABABCC alongA · dreadB · throngA · headB · seemsC · dreamsC
- 16 ABABCC passedA · roundB · vastA · soundB · allC · waterfallC
- 17 ABABCC tranceA · seesB · danceA · treesB · hungC · strungC
- 18 ABABCC liesA · headB · eyesA · bedB · starC · farC
- 19 ABABCC oneA · steepB · begunA · creepB · formC · warmC
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Midst greens and shades the Catterskill leaps, | 9 | ········· |
| From cliffs where the wood-flower clings; | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| All summer he moistens his verdant steeps | 10 | ·/˘·/˘·/˘· |
| With the sweet light spray of the mountain springs; | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| And he shakes the woods on the mountain side, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| When they drip with the rains of autumn-tide. | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| But when, in the forest bare and old, | 9 | ····/˘··· |
| The blast of December calls, | 7 | ···˘/˘· |
| He builds, in the starlight clear and cold, | 9 | ····/···· |
| A palace of ice where his torrent falls, | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| With turret, and arch, and fretwork fair, | 9 | ·/˘···/˘· |
| And pillars blue as the summer air. | 9 | ·/˘···/˘· |
| For whom are those glorious chambers wrought, | 10 | ····/˘˘/˘· |
| In the cold and cloudless night? | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Is there neither spirit nor motion of thought | 10 | ··/˘/·/˘·· |
| In forms so lovely, and hues so bright? | 9 | ···/˘···· |
| Hear what the gray-haired woodmen tell | 9 | ·····˘··· |
| Of this wild stream and its rocky dell. | 9 | ······/˘· |
| 'Twas hither a youth of dreamy mood, | 9 | ·/˘···/˘· |
| A hundred winters ago, | 7 | ·/˘/˘˘/ |
| Had wandered over the mighty wood, | 10 | ·/˘˘···/˘· |
| When the panther's track was fresh on the snow, | 10 | ··/˘······ |
| And keen were the winds that came to stir | 9 | ········· |
| The long dark boughs of the hemlock fir. | 9 | ······/·· |
| Too gentle of mien he seemed and fair, | 10 | ·/˘····˘·· |
| For a child of those rugged steeps; | 9 | ·····/˘˘· |
| His home lay low in the valley where | 9 | ······/˘· |
| The kingly Hudson rolls to the deeps; | 9 | ·/˘/˘···· |
| But he wore the hunter's frock that day, | 9 | ····/˘··· |
| And a slender gun on his shoulder lay. | 10 | ··/˘···/˘· |
| And here he paused, and against the trunk | 10 | ····˘····· |
| Of a tall gray linden leant, | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| When the broad clear orb of the sun had sunk | 10 | ·········· |
| From his path in the frosty firmament, | 10 | ·····/˘/˘˘ |
| And over the round dark edge of the hill | 10 | ·········· |
| A cold green light was quivering still. | 9 | ·····/˘˘· |
| And the crescent moon, high over the green, | 10 | ··/˘······ |
| From a sky of crimson shone, | 7 | ····/˘· |
| On that icy palace, whose towers were seen | 10 | ··/˘/˘·/·· |
| To sparkle as if with stars of their own; | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| While the water fell with a hollow sound, | 10 | ··/˘···/˘· |
| 'Twixt the glistening pillars ranged around. | 10 | ··/˘˘/˘··· |
| Is that a being of life, that moves | 9 | ···/˘···· |
| Where the crystal battlements rise? | 8 | ··/˘/˘˘· |
| A maiden watching the moon she loves, | 9 | ·/˘/˘···· |
| At the twilight hour, with pensive eyes? | 10 | ··/·/˘·/˘· |
| Was that a garment which seemed to gleam | 10 | ···/˘··˘·· |
| Betwixt the eye and the falling stream? | 9 | ˘/····/˘· |
| 'Tis only the torrent tumbling o'er, | 10 | ·/˘·/˘/˘˘· |
| In the midst of those glassy walls, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Gushing, and plunging, and beating the floor | 10 | /˘·/˘·/˘·· |
| Of the rocky basin in which it falls. | 10 | ··/˘/˘···· |
| 'Tis only the torrent--but why that start? | 10 | ·/˘·/˘···· |
| Why gazes the youth with a throbbing heart? | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| He thinks no more of his home afar, | 9 | ·······˘/ |
| Where his sire and sister wait. | 8 | ··/˘·/˘· |
| He heeds no longer how star after star | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Looks forth on the night as the hour grows late. | 10 | ·······/·· |
| He heeds not the snow-wreaths, lifted and cast | 10 | ······/˘·· |
| From a thousand boughs, by the rising blast. | 10 | ··/˘···/˘· |
| His thoughts are alone of those who dwell | 9 | ···˘/···· |
| In the halls of frost and snow, | 7 | ······· |
| Who pass where the crystal domes upswell | 9 | ····/˘·˘/ |
| From the alabaster floors below, | 9 | ··/˘·˘··· |
| Where the frost-trees shoot with leaf and spray, | 9 | ········· |
| And frost-gems scatter a silvery day. | 10 | ···/˘·/˘˘· |
| "And oh that those glorious haunts were mine!" | 10 | ····/˘˘··· |
| He speaks, and throughout the glen | 7 | ······· |
| Thin shadows swim in the faint moonshine, | 9 | ·/·····/· |
| And take a ghastly likeness of men, | 9 | ···/˘/˘·· |
| As if the slain by the wintry storms | 9 | ······/˘· |
| Came forth to the air in their earthly forms. | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| There pass the chasers of seal and whale, | 9 | ···/˘···· |
| With their weapons quaint and grim, | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| And bands of warriors in glittering mail, | 10 | ···/˘·/˘˘· |
| And herdsmen and hunters huge of limb. | 9 | ·/˘·/˘··· |
| There are naked arms, with bow and spear, | 10 | ··/˘˘····· |
| And furry gauntlets the carbine rear. | 9 | ·/˘/˘·/·· |
| There are mothers--and oh how sadly their eyes | 11 | ··/˘···/˘·· |
| On their children's white brows rest! | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| There are youthful lovers--the maiden lies, | 10 | ··/˘/˘·/˘· |
| In a seeming sleep, on the chosen breast; | 10 | ··/˘···/˘· |
| There are fair wan women with moonstruck air, | 10 | ····/˘·/·· |
| The snow stars flecking their long loose hair. | 9 | ···/˘···· |
| They eye him not as they pass along, | 9 | ·······˘/ |
| But his hair stands up with dread, | 7 | ······· |
| When he feels that he moves with that phantom throng, | 11 | ········/˘· |
| Till those icy turrets are over his head, | 10 | ··/˘/˘···· |
| And the torrent's roar as they enter seems | 10 | ··/˘···/˘· |
| Like a drowsy murmur heard in dreams. | 9 | ··/˘/˘··· |
| The glittering threshold is scarcely passed, | 10 | ·/˘˘/··/˘· |
| When there gathers and wraps him round | 8 | ··/˘···· |
| A thick white twilight, sullen and vast, | 9 | ···/·/˘·· |
| In which there is neither form nor sound; | 9 | ····/˘··· |
| The phantoms, the glory, vanish all, | 9 | ·/˘·/˘/˘· |
| With the dying voice of the waterfall. | 10 | ··/˘···/˘· |
| Slow passes the darkness of that trance, | 9 | ·/˘·/˘··· |
| And the youth now faintly sees | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Huge shadows and gushes of light that dance | 10 | ·/··/˘···· |
| On a rugged ceiling of unhewn trees, | 10 | ··/˘/˘···· |
| And walls where the skins of beasts are hung, | 9 | ········· |
| And rifles glitter on antlers strung. | 9 | ·/˘/˘·/˘· |
| On a couch of shaggy skins he lies; | 9 | ····/˘··· |
| As he strives to raise his head, | 7 | ······· |
| Hard-featured woodmen, with kindly eyes, | 10 | ·/˘˘···/˘· |
| Come round him and smooth his furry bed | 9 | ······/˘· |
| And bid him rest, for the evening star | 9 | ······/˘· |
| Is scarcely set and the day is far. | 9 | ·/˘······ |
| They had found at eve the dreaming one | 9 | ······/˘· |
| By the base of that icy steep, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| When over his stiffening limbs begun | 10 | ····/˘˘·/˘ |
| The deadly slumber of frost to creep, | 9 | ·/˘/˘···· |
| And they cherished the pale and breathless form, | 10 | ··/˘···/˘· |
| Till the stagnant blood ran free and warm. | 9 | ··/˘····· |
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