A Fragment

William Cullen Bryant (1794–1878) · 1821–1876

iambic pentameter · 57 lines · from Poems

Erewhile, on England's pleasant shores, our siresLeft not their churchyards unadorned with shadesOr blossoms; and indulgent to the strongAnd natural dread of man's last home, the grave,Its frost and silence--they disposed around,To soothe the melancholy spirit that dweltToo sadly on life's close, the forms and huesOf vegetable beauty.--There the yew,Green even amid the snows of winter, toldOf immortality, and gracefullyThe willow, a perpetual mourner, drooped;And there the gadding woodbine crept about,And there the ancient ivy. From the spotWhere the sweet maiden, in her blossoming yearsCut off, was laid with streaming eyes, and handsThat trembled as they placed her there, the roseSprung modest, on bowed stalk, and better spokeHer graces, than the proudest monument.There children set about their playmate's graveThe pansy. On the infant's little bed,Wet at its planting with maternal tears,Emblem of early sweetness, early death,Nestled the lowly primrose. Childless dames,And maids that would not raise the reddened eye--Orphans, from whose young lids the light of joyFled early,--silent lovers, who had givenAll that they lived for to the arms of earth,Came often, o'er the recent graves to strewTheir offerings, rue, and rosemary, and flowers.

The pilgrim bands who passed the sea to keepTheir Sabbaths in the eye of God alone,In his wide temple of the wilderness,Brought not these simple customs of the heartWith them. It might be, while they laid their deadBy the vast solemn skirts of the old groves,And the fresh virgin soil poured forth strange flowersAbout their graves; and the familiar shadesOf their own native isle, and wonted blooms,And herbs were wanting, which the pious handMight plant or scatter there, these gentle ritesPassed out of use. Now they are scarcely known,And rarely in our borders may you meetThe tall larch, sighing in the burying-place,Or willow, trailing low its boughs to hideThe gleaming marble. Naked rows of gravesAnd melancholy ranks of monumentsAre seen instead, where the coarse grass, between,Shoots up its dull green spikes, and in the windHisses, and the neglected bramble nigh,Offers its berries to the schoolboy's hand,In vain--they grow too near the dead. Yet here,Nature, rebuking the neglect of man,Plants often, by the ancient mossy stone,The brier rose, and upon the broken turfThat clothes the fresher grave, the strawberry vineSprinkles its swell with blossoms, and lays forthHer ruddy, pouting fruit.

Words in this poem

erewhile adv.
Some time ago; a little while before; heretofore.
soothe v. t.
To assent to as true. Testament of Love. [Originally, to assent to as true; OE. so to verify, AS. ges to prove the truth of, to bear witness. See Sooth, a.]
sadly adv.
Wearily; heavily; firmly.
amid prep.
In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
mourner n.
One who mourns or is grieved at any misfortune, as the death of a friend.
gadding a.
Going about much, needlessly or without purpose.
streaming a.
Sending forth streams.
spoke n.
The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly. [OE. spoke, spake, AS, spaca; akin to D. speek, LG. speke, OHG. speihha, G. speiche. sq. root170. Cf. Spike a nail.]
maternal a.
Of or pertaining to a mother; becoming to a mother; motherly; as, maternal love; maternal tenderness. [F. maternel, L. maternus, fr. mater mother. See Mother.]
isle v. t.
To cause to become an island, or like an island; to surround or encompass; to island.
wonted a.
Accustomed; customary; usual.
bramble n.
Any plant of the genus Rubus, including the raspberry and blackberry. Hence: Any rough, prickly shrub. [OE. brembil, AS.brbramal), fr. the same root as E. broom, As. br. See Broom.]
brier n.
A plant with a slender woody stem bearing stout prickles; especially, species of Rosa, Rubus, and Smilax. [OE. brere, brer, AS. brer, brær; cf. Ir. briar prickle, thorn, brier, pin, Gael. preas bush, brier, W. prys, prysg.]
pouting n.
Childish sullenness.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

A Fragment is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems by William Cullen Bryant, Project Gutenberg ebook #16341; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: William Cullen Bryant, A Fragment, in Poems (1821–1876), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #16341, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/bryant-poems/a-fragment.html, id L07256.

Form and metre

A Fragment is 57 lines in 2 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 86%). 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.0 syllables. 6 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 54% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ---A---B-----C----A-C------B- sires · shades · strong · graveA · around · dwelt · hues · yewB · told · gracefully · drooped · about · spot · yearsC · hands · rose · spoke · monument · graveA · bed · tearsC · death · dames · eye · joy · given · earth · strewB · flowers
  2. 2 -A-------B-A--------B--A---- keep · aloneA · wilderness · heart · dead · groves · flowers · shades · blooms · handB · rites · knownA · meet · place · hide · graves · monuments · between · wind · nigh · handB · here · man · stoneA · turf · vine · forth · fruit
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Erewhile, on England's pleasant shores, our sires12·····/˘/˘·/·
Left not their churchyards unadorned with shades10···/··˘/··
Or blossoms; and indulgent to the strong10·/˘·˘/˘···
And natural dread of man's last home, the grave,10·/˘·······
Its frost and silence--they disposed around,10···/˘·˘/··
To soothe the melancholy spirit that dwelt10···/˘·˘/··
Too sadly on life's close, the forms and hues10·/˘·······
Of vegetable beauty.--There the yew,9·/˘˘/˘···
Green even amid the snows of winter, told10·/˘/···/˘·
Of immortality, and gracefully10··˘/˘˘·/˘˘
The willow, a perpetual mourner, drooped;10·/··˘/˘/˘·
And there the gadding woodbine crept about,10···/˘/˘···
And there the ancient ivy. From the spot10···/˘/˘···
Where the sweet maiden, in her blossoming years10···/˘··/˘·
Cut off, was laid with streaming eyes, and hands10·····/˘···
That trembled as they placed her there, the rose10·/˘·······
Sprung modest, on bowed stalk, and better spoke10·/˘····/˘·
Her graces, than the proudest monument.10·/˘··/˘/˘˘
There children set about their playmate's grave10·/˘····/··
The pansy. On the infant's little bed,10·/˘··/˘/˘·
Wet at its planting with maternal tears,10···/˘·˘/˘·
Emblem of early sweetness, early death,10/˘·/˘/˘/˘·
Nestled the lowly primrose. Childless dames,10/˘·/˘/·/˘·
And maids that would not raise the reddened eye--10·······/˘·
Orphans, from whose young lids the light of joy10/˘········
Fled early,--silent lovers, who had given11·/˘/˘/˘··/˘
All that they lived for to the arms of earth,10··········
Came often, o'er the recent graves to strew10·/˘··/˘···
Their offerings, rue, and rosemary, and flowers.10·/˘··/·˘·/
The pilgrim bands who passed the sea to keep10·/˘·······
Their Sabbaths in the eye of God alone,10·/˘·····˘/
In his wide temple of the wilderness,10···/˘··/˘˘
Brought not these simple customs of the heart10···/˘/˘···
With them. It might be, while they laid their dead10··········
By the vast solemn skirts of the old groves,10···/˘·····
And the fresh virgin soil poured forth strange flowers11···/˘····/˘
About their graves; and the familiar shades10······˘/˘·
Of their own native isle, and wonted blooms,10···/˘··/˘·
And herbs were wanting, which the pious hand10···/˘··/˘·
Might plant or scatter there, these gentle rites10···/˘··/˘·
Passed out of use. Now they are scarcely known,10·······/˘·
And rarely in our borders may you meet10·/˘·//˘···
The tall larch, sighing in the burying-place,10···/˘··/˘·
Or willow, trailing low its boughs to hide10·/·/˘·····
The gleaming marble. Naked rows of graves10·/˘/˘/˘···
And melancholy ranks of monuments10·/˘·˘··/˘˘
Are seen instead, where the coarse grass, between,10··˘/······
Shoots up its dull green spikes, and in the wind10··········
Hisses, and the neglected bramble nigh,10/˘··˘/˘/˘·
Offers its berries to the schoolboy's hand,10/˘·/˘··/··
In vain--they grow too near the dead. Yet here,10··········
Nature, rebuking the neglect of man,10/˘˘/˘·˘/··
Plants often, by the ancient mossy stone,10·/˘··/˘/˘·
The brier rose, and upon the broken turf10·/·····/˘·
That clothes the fresher grave, the strawberry vine11···/˘··/·˘·
Sprinkles its swell with blossoms, and lays forth10/˘···/˘···
Her ruddy, pouting fruit.6·/˘/˘·

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