A Forest Hymn

William Cullen Bryant (1794–1878) · 1821–1876

iambic pentameter · unrhymed · 119 lines · from Poems

The groves were God's first temples. Ere man learnedTo hew the shaft, and lay the architrave,And spread the roof above them,--ere he framedThe lofty vault, to gather and roll backThe sound of anthems; in the darkling wood,Amidst the cool and silence, he knelt down,And offered to the Mightiest solemn thanksAnd supplication. For his simple heartMight not resist the sacred influencesWhich, from the stilly twilight of the place,And from the gray old trunks that high in heavenMingled their mossy boughs, and from the soundOf the invisible breath that swayed at onceAll their green tops, stole over him, and bowedHis spirit with the thought of boundless powerAnd inaccessible majesty. Ah, whyShould we, in the world's riper years, neglectGod's ancient sanctuaries, and adoreOnly among the crowd, and under roofsThat our frail hands have raised? Let me, at least,Here, in the shadow of this aged wood,Offer one hymn--thrice happy, if it findAcceptance in His ear.

Father, thy handHath reared these venerable columns, thouDidst weave this verdant roof. Thou didst look downUpon the naked earth, and, forthwith, roseAll these fair ranks of trees. They, in thy sun,Budded, and shook their green leaves in thy breeze,And shot towards heaven. The century-living crow,Whose birth was in their tops, grew old and diedAmong their branches, till, at last, they stood,As now they stand, massy, and tall, and dark,Fit shrine for humble worshipper to holdCommunion with his Maker. These dim vaults,These winding aisles, of human pomp or prideReport not. No fantasting carvings showThe boast of our vain race to change the formOf thy fair works. But thou art here--thou fill'stThe solitude. Thou art in the soft windsThat run along the summit of these treesIn music;--thou art in the cooler breathThat from the inmost darkness of the placeComes, scarcely felt; the barky trunks, the ground,The fresh moist ground, are all instinct with thee.Here is continual worship;--nature, here,In the tranquillity that thou dost love,Enjoys thy presence. Noiselessly, around,From perch to perch, the solitary birdPasses: and yon clear spring, that, midst its herbs,Wells softly forth and visits the strong rootsOf half the mighty forest, tells no taleOf all the good it does. Thou hast not leftThyself without a witness, in these shades,Of thy perfections. Grandeur, strength, and graceAre here to speak of thee. This mighty oak--By whose immovable stem I stand and seemAlmost annihilated--not a prince,In all that proud old world beyond the deep,Ere wore his crown as loftily as heWears the green coronal of leaves with whichThy hand has graced him. Nestled at his rootIs beauty, such as blooms not in the glareOf the broad sun. That delicate forest flowerWith scented breath, and look so like a smile,Seems, as it issues from the shapeless mould,An emanation of the indwelling Life,A visible token of the upholding Love,That are the soul of this wide universe.

My heart is awed within me when I thinkOf the great miracle that still goes on,In silence, round me--the perpetual workOf thy creation, finished, yet renewedFor ever. Written on thy works I readThe lesson of thy own eternity.Lo! all grow old and die--but see again,How on the faltering footsteps of decayYouth presses--ever gay and beautiful youthIn all its beautiful forms. These lofty treesWave not less proudly that their ancestorsMoulder beneath them. Oh, there is not lostOne of earth's charms: upon her bosom yet,After the flight of untold centuries,The freshness of her far beginning liesAnd yet shall lie. Life mocks the idle hateOf his arch enemy Death--yea, seats himselfUpon the tyrant's throne--the sepulchre,And of the triumphs of his ghastly foeMakes his own nourishment. For he came forthFrom thine own bosom, and shall have no end.

There have been holy men who hid themselvesDeep in the woody wilderness, and gaveTheir lives to thought and prayer, till they outlivedThe generation born with them, nor seemedLess aged than the hoary trees and rocksAround them;--and there have been holy menWho deemed it were not well to pass life thus.But let me often to these solitudesRetire, and in thy presence reassureMy feeble virtue. Here its enemies,The passions, at thy plainer footsteps shrinkAnd tremble and are still. Oh, God! when thouDost scare the world with tempests, set on fireThe heavens with falling thunderbolts, or fill,With all the waters of the firmament,The swift dark whirlwind that uproots the woodsAnd drowns the villages; when, at thy call,Uprises the great deep and throws himselfUpon the continent, and overwhelmsIts cities--who forgets not, at the sightOf these tremendous tokens of thy power,His pride, and lays his strifes and follies by?Oh, from these sterner aspects of thy faceSpare me and mine, nor let us need the wrathOf the mad unchained elements to teachWho rules them. Be it ours to meditateIn these calm shades thy milder majesty,And to the beautiful order of thy worksLearn to conform the order of our lives.

Words in this poem 31
darkling a.
Becoming dark or gloomy; frowing.
amidst prep.
In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
stilly a.
Still; quiet; calm.
swayed a.
Bent down, and hollow in the back; sway-backed; -- said of a horse.
stole n.
A long, loose garment reaching to the feet. [AS. stole, L. stola, Gr. stall. See Stall.]
adore v. t.
To worship with profound reverence; to pay divine honors to; to honor as deity or as divine. [OE. aouren, anouren, adoren, OF. aorer, adorer, F. adorer, fr. L. adorare; ad + orare to speak, pray, os, oris, mouth. In OE. confused with honor, the French pr]
didst
, the 2d pers. sing. imp. of Do.
forthwith adv.
Immediately; without delay; directly.
shook v. t.
To pack, as staves, in a shook.
massy a.
Compacted into, or consisting of, a mass; having bulk and weight ot substance; ponderous; bulky and heavy; weight; heavy; as, a massy shield; a massy rock.
cooler n.
That which cools, or abates heat or excitement.
inmost a.
Deepest within; farthest from the surface or external part; innermost. [OE. innemest, AS. innemest, a double superlative form fr. inne within, fr. in in. The modern form is due to confusion with most. See In, and cf. Aftermost, Fore]
barky a.
Covered with, or containing, bark.
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
loftily adv.
In a lofty manner or position; haughtily. [From Lofty.]
coronal a.
Of or pertaining to a corona (in any of the senses). [L. coronalis: cf. F. coronal.]
graced a.
Endowed with grace; beautiful; full of graces; honorable.
glare v. i.
To shine with a bright, dazzling light. [OE. glaren, gloren; cf. AS. glær amber, LG. glaren to glow or burn like coals, D. gloren to glimmer; prob. akin to E. glass.]
mould n.
Crumbling, soft, friable earth; esp., earth containing the remains or constituents of organic matter, and suited to the growth of plants; soil. [OE. molde, AS. molde; akin to D. mul, G. mull, mulm, OHG. molt, molta, Icel. mold, Dan. muld, Sw. mull, Goth. mulda, and E. meal flour. See Meal, and cf. Mole a]
faltering a.
Hesitating; trembling.
moulder n.
One who, or that which, molds or forms into shape; specifically (Founding), one skilled in the art of making molds for castings.
untold a.
Not told; not related; not revealed; as, untold secrets.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
sepulchre n.
The place in which the dead body of a human being is interred, or a place set apart for that purpose; a grave; a tomb. [OE. sepulcre, OF. sepulcre, F. sépulcre, fr. L. sepulcrum, sepulchrum, fr. sepelire to bury.]
hoary a.
White or whitish."The hoary willows."
reassure v. t.
To assure anew; to restore confidence to; to free from fear or terror.
scare v. t.
To frighten; to strike with sudden fear; to alarm. [OE. skerren, skeren, Icel. skirra to bar, prevent, skirrask to shun , shrink from; or fr. OE. skerre, adj., scared, Icel. skjarr; both perhaps akin to E. sheer ]
firmament n.
Fixed foundation; established basis. [L. firmamentum, fr. firmare to make firm: cf. F. firmament. See Firm, v. & a.]
continent a.
Serving to restrain or limit; restraining; opposing. [L. continens, -entis, prop., p. pr. of continere to hold together, to repress: cf. F. continent. See Contain.]
tremendous a.
Fitted to excite fear or terror; such as may astonish or terrify by its magnitude, force, or violence; terrible; dreadful; as, a tremendous wind; a tremendous shower; a tremendous shock or fall. [L. tremendus that is to be trembled at, fearful, fr. tremere to tremble. See Tremble.]
sterner n.
A director. Dr. R. Clerke. [See 3d Stern.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

A Forest Hymn is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems by William Cullen Bryant, Project Gutenberg ebook #16341; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: William Cullen Bryant, A Forest Hymn, in Poems (1821–1876), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #16341, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/bryant-poems/a-forest-hymn.html, id L07284.

Form and metre

A Forest Hymn is 119 lines in 4 verse paragraphs. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 84%). 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.0 syllables. 11 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 63% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter, other poems in blank verse.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ----A---------------A-- learned · architrave · framed · back · woodA · down · thanks · heart · influences · place · heaven · sound · once · bowed · power · why · neglect · adore · roofs · least · woodA · find · ear
  2. 2 --------------------A---A--------------------- hand · thou · down · rose · sun · breeze · crow · died · stood · dark · hold · vaults · pride · show · form · fill'st · winds · trees · breath · place · groundA · thee · here · love · aroundA · bird · herbs · roots · tale · left · shades · grace · oak · seem · prince · deep · he · which · root · glare · flower · smile · mould · life · love · universe
  3. 3 ---------AA--AA------ think · on · work · renewed · read · eternity · again · decay · youth · treesA · ancestorsA · lost · yet · centuriesA · liesA · hate · himself · sepulchre · foe · forth · end
  4. 4 --------------------------AAA themselves · gave · outlived · seemed · rocks · men · thus · solitudes · reassure · enemies · shrink · thou · fire · fill · firmament · woods · call · himself · overwhelms · sight · power · by · face · wrath · teach · meditate · majestyA · worksA · livesA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
The groves were God's first temples. Ere man learned10·····/˘···
To hew the shaft, and lay the architrave,10·······/˘·
And spread the roof above them,--ere he framed10··········
The lofty vault, to gather and roll back10·/˘··/˘···
The sound of anthems; in the darkling wood,10···/˘··/˘·
Amidst the cool and silence, he knelt down,10˘/···/˘···
And offered to the Mightiest solemn thanks10·/˘··/˘/˘·
And supplication. For his simple heart10·······/˘·
Might not resist the sacred influences11··˘/·/˘/·˘˘
Which, from the stilly twilight of the place,10···/˘/····
And from the gray old trunks that high in heaven11·········/˘
Mingled their mossy boughs, and from the sound10/˘·/˘·····
Of the invisible breath that swayed at once10··˘/˘·····
All their green tops, stole over him, and bowed10··········
His spirit with the thought of boundless power11·/˘····/˘/˘
And inaccessible majesty. Ah, why10··˘/˘/˘˘··
Should we, in the world's riper years, neglect10········˘/
God's ancient sanctuaries, and adore10·/˘/˘·˘·˘/
Only among the crowd, and under roofs10/˘········
That our frail hands have raised? Let me, at least,10·/········
Here, in the shadow of this aged wood,9···/·····
Offer one hymn--thrice happy, if it find10/˘···/˘···
Acceptance in His ear.6˘/˘···
Father, thy hand4/˘··
Hath reared these venerable columns, thou10···/˘˘˘/˘·
Didst weave this verdant roof. Thou didst look down10···/˘·····
Upon the naked earth, and, forthwith, rose10···/˘··//·
All these fair ranks of trees. They, in thy sun,10··········
Budded, and shook their green leaves in thy breeze,10/˘········
And shot towards heaven. The century-living crow,10···/·/˘/˘·
Whose birth was in their tops, grew old and died10··········
Among their branches, till, at last, they stood,10···/˘·····
As now they stand, massy, and tall, and dark,10····/˘····
Fit shrine for humble worshipper to hold10···/˘·····
Communion with his Maker. These dim vaults,10˘/˘··/˘···
These winding aisles, of human pomp or pride10·/˘··/˘···
Report not. No fantasting carvings show10˘/·····/˘·
The boast of our vain race to change the form10···/······
Of thy fair works. But thou art here--thou fill'st10··········
The solitude. Thou art in the soft winds10·/˘·······
That run along the summit of these trees10··˘/·/˘···
In music;--thou art in the cooler breath10·/˘····/˘·
That from the inmost darkness of the place10···/˘/˘···
Comes, scarcely felt; the barky trunks, the ground,10·/˘··/˘···
The fresh moist ground, are all instinct with thee.10······/˘··
Here is continual worship;--nature, here,10··˘/˘/˘/˘·
In the tranquillity that thou dost love,10··˘/˘˘····
Enjoys thy presence. Noiselessly, around,11˘/·/˘······
From perch to perch, the solitary bird10·····/˘·˘·
Passes: and yon clear spring, that, midst its herbs,10/˘········
Wells softly forth and visits the strong roots10·/˘··/˘···
Of half the mighty forest, tells no tale10···/˘/˘···
Of all the good it does. Thou hast not left10··········
Thyself without a witness, in these shades,10˘/···/˘···
Of thy perfections. Grandeur, strength, and grace10··˘/˘˘/···
Are here to speak of thee. This mighty oak--10·······/˘·
By whose immovable stem I stand and seem10··˘/˘·····
Almost annihilated--not a prince,10/·˘/˘·˘···
In all that proud old world beyond the deep,10··········
Ere wore his crown as loftily as he10·····/˘˘··
Wears the green coronal of leaves with which10···/˘˘····
Thy hand has graced him. Nestled at his root10·····/˘···
Is beauty, such as blooms not in the glare10·/˘·······
Of the broad sun. That delicate forest flower10·····/˘/˘/
With scented breath, and look so like a smile,10·/˘·······
Seems, as it issues from the shapeless mould,10···/˘··/˘·
An emanation of the indwelling Life,10··˘/˘··/˘·
A visible token of the upholding Love,11·/˘/˘··˘/˘·
That are the soul of this wide universe.10·······/˘·
My heart is awed within me when I think10··········
Of the great miracle that still goes on,10···/˘˘····
In silence, round me--the perpetual work10·/˘···˘/˘·
Of thy creation, finished, yet renewed10··˘/˘/˘·˘/
For ever. Written on thy works I read10·/˘/˘·····
The lesson of thy own eternity.10·/˘···˘/˘˘
Lo! all grow old and die--but see again,10········˘/
How on the faltering footsteps of decay10···/˘/··˘/
Youth presses--ever gay and beautiful youth10·/˘/··/˘˘·
In all its beautiful forms. These lofty trees10···/˘··/˘·
Wave not less proudly that their ancestors10···/˘··/·˘
Moulder beneath them. Oh, there is not lost10/˘········
One of earth's charms: upon her bosom yet,10·······/˘·
After the flight of untold centuries,10·····˘//˘˘
The freshness of her far beginning lies10·/˘···˘/˘·
And yet shall lie. Life mocks the idle hate10·······/˘·
Of his arch enemy Death--yea, seats himself10···/˘···˘/
Upon the tyrant's throne--the sepulchre,9···/˘····
And of the triumphs of his ghastly foe10···/˘··/˘·
Makes his own nourishment. For he came forth10···/˘˘····
From thine own bosom, and shall have no end.10···/˘·····
There have been holy men who hid themselves10···/˘···˘/
Deep in the woody wilderness, and gave10···/˘/˘˘··
Their lives to thought and prayer, till they outlived10·········/
The generation born with them, nor seemed10··˘/˘·····
Less aged than the hoary trees and rocks9····/˘···
Around them;--and there have been holy men10·······/˘·
Who deemed it were not well to pass life thus.10··········
But let me often to these solitudes10···/˘··/˘·
Retire, and in thy presence reassure10˘/···/˘·˘/
My feeble virtue. Here its enemies,10·/˘/˘··/˘˘
The passions, at thy plainer footsteps shrink10·/˘··/˘/··
And tremble and are still. Oh, God! when thou10·/˘·······
Dost scare the world with tempests, set on fire11·····/˘··/˘
The heavens with falling thunderbolts, or fill,11·/˘·/˘/˘···
With all the waters of the firmament,10···/˘··/˘˘
The swift dark whirlwind that uproots the woods10···/··˘/··
And drowns the villages; when, at thy call,10···/˘˘····
Uprises the great deep and throws himself10/˘˘·····˘/
Upon the continent, and overwhelms10···/˘˘··˘/
Its cities--who forgets not, at the sight10·/˘·˘/····
Of these tremendous tokens of thy power,11··˘/˘/˘··/˘
His pride, and lays his strifes and follies by?10·······/˘·
Oh, from these sterner aspects of thy face10···/˘/····
Spare me and mine, nor let us need the wrath10··········
Of the mad unchained elements to teach10·····/˘˘··
Who rules them. Be it ours to meditate10·····/·/˘·
In these calm shades thy milder majesty,10·····/˘/˘˘
And to the beautiful order of thy works10···/˘/˘···
Learn to conform the order of our lives.10··˘/·/˘·/·

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