A Grammarian's Funeral
Let us begin and carry up this corpse,Singing together.Leave we the common crofts, the vulgar thorpesEach in its tetherSleeping safe on the bosom of the plain,Cared-for till cock-crow:Look out if yonder be not day againRimming the rock-row!That's the appropriate country; there, man's thought,Rarer, intenser,Self-gathered for an outbreak, as it ought,Chafes in the censer.Leave we the unlettered plain its herd and crop;Seek we sepultureOn a tall mountain, citied to the top,Crowded with culture!All the peaks soar, but one the rest excels;Clouds overcome it;No! Yonder sparkle is the citadel'sCircling its summit.Thither our path lies; wind we up the heights:Wait ye the warning?Our low life was the level's and the night's;He's for the morning.Step to a tune, square chests, erect each head,'Ware the beholders!This is our master, famous calm and dead,Borne on our shoulders.
Sleep, crop and herd! sleep, darkling thorpe and croft,Safe from the weather!He, whom we convoy to his grave aloft,Singing together,He was a man born with thy face and throat,Lyric Apollo!
Long he lived nameless: how should spring take noteWinter would follow?Till lo, the little touch, and youth was gone!Cramped and diminished,Moaned he, "New measures, other feet anon!My dance is finished?"No, that's the world's way: (keep the mountain-side,Make for the city!)He knew the signal, and stepped on with prideOver men's pity;Left play for work, and grappled with the worldBent on escaping:"What's in the scroll," quoth he, "thou keepest furled?Show me their shapingTheirs who most studied man, the bard and sage,Give!"--So, he gowned him,Straight got by heart that book to its last page:Learned, we found him.Yea, but we found him bald too, eyes like lead,Accents uncertain:"Time to taste life," another would have said,"Up with the curtain!"This man said rather, "Actual life comes next?Patience a moment!Grant I have mastered learning's crabbed text,Still there's the comment.Let me know all! Prate not of most or least,Painful or easy!Even to the crumbs I'd fain eat up the feast,Ay, nor feel queasy."Oh, such a life as he resolved to live,When he had learned it,When he had gathered all books had to give!Sooner, he spurned it.Image the whole, then execute the parts--Fancy the fabricQuite, ere you build, ere steel strike fire from quartz,Ere mortar dab brick!
(Here's the town-gate reached: there's the market-placeGaping before us.)Yea, this in him was the peculiar grace(Hearten our chorus!)That before living he'd learn how to live--No end to learning:Earn the means first-God surely will contriveUse for our earning.Others mistrust and say, "But time escapes:Live now or never!"He said, "What's time? Leave Now for dogs and apes!Man has Forever."Back to his book then: deeper drooped his head:Calculus racked him:
Leaden before, his eyes grew dross of lead:Tussis attacked him."Now, master, take a little rest!"--not he!(Caution redoubled,Step two abreast, the way winds narrowly!)Not a whit troubledBack to his studies, fresher than at first,Fierce as a dragonHe (soul-hydroptic with a sacred thirst)Sucked at the flagon.Oh, if we draw a circle premature,Heedless of far gain,Greedy for quick returns of profit, sureBad is our bargain!Was it not great? did not he throw on God,(He loves the burthen)God's task to make the heavenly periodPerfect the earthen?Did not he magnify the mind, show clearJust what it all meant?He would not discount life, as fools do here,Paid by instalment.He ventured neck or nothing-heaven's successFound, or earth's failure:"Wilt thou trust death or not?" He answered "Yes:Hence with life's pale lure!"That low man seeks a little thing to do,Sees it and does it:This high man, with a great thing to pursue,Dies ere he knows it.That low man goes on adding one to one,His hundred's soon hit:This high man, aiming at a million,Misses an unit.That, has the world here-should he need the next,Let the world mind him!This, throws himself on God, and unperplexedSeeking shall find him.So, with the throttling hands of death at strife,Ground he at grammar;Still, thro' the rattle, parts of speech were rife:While he could stammerHe settled Hoti's business--let it be!--Properly based Oun--Gave us the doctrine of the enclitic De,Dead from the waist down.Well, here's the platform, here's the proper place:Hail to your purlieus,All ye highfliers of the feathered race,Swallows and curlews!Here's the top-peak; the multitude belowLive, for they can, there:
This man decided not to Live but Know--Bury this man there?Here--here's his place, where meteors shoot, clouds form,Lightnings are loosened,Stars come and go! Let joy break with the storm,Peace let the dew send!Lofty designs must close in like effects:Loftily Iying,Leave him--still loftier than the world suspects,Living and dying.
Words in this poem 25
- corpse n.
- A human body in general, whether living or dead; -- sometimes contemptuosly. [OF. cors (sometimes written corps), F. corps, L. corpus; akin to AS. hrif womb. See Midriff, and cf. Corse, Corselet, Corps, Cuerpo.]
- tether n.
- A long rope or chain by which an animal is fastened, as to a stake, so that it can range or feed only within certain limits. [Formerly tedder, OE. tedir; akin to LG. tider, tier, Icel. tjo, Dan. töir. *64.]
- yonder adv.
- At a distance, but within view. [OE. yonder, ýonder; cf. OD. ginder, Goth. jaindr there. Yond, adv.]
- outbreak n.
- A bursting forth; eruption; insurrection.
- ought p. p.
- Was or were under obligation to pay; owed. [Orig. the preterit of the verb to owe. OE. oughte, aughte, ahte, AS. ahte. sq. root110. See Owe.]
- censer n.
- A vessel for perfumes; esp. one in which incense is burned. [For incenser, fr. OF. encensier, F. encensoir, fr. LL. incensarium, incensorium, fr. L. incensum incense. See Incense, and cf. Incensory.]
- sepulture n.
- The act of depositing the dead body of a human being in the grave; burial; interment. [F. sépulture, L. sepultura, fr. sepelire, sepultum, to bury.]
- citied a.
- Belonging to, or resembling, a city.
- darkling a.
- Becoming dark or gloomy; frowing.
- thorpe n.
- A group of houses in the country; a small village; a hamlet; a dorp; -- now chiefly occurring in names of places and persons; as, Althorp, Mablethorpe. [AS. þorp; akin to OS. & OFries. thorp, D. dorp, G. dorf, Icel. þorp, Dan. torp, Sw. torp a cottage, a little farm, Goth. þaúrp a field, and probably to Lith. tr]
- convoy v. t.
- To accompany for protection, either by sea or land; to attend for protection; to escort; as, a frigate convoys a merchantman. [F. convoyer, OF. conveier, convoier. See Convey.]
- nameless a.
- Without a name; not having been given a name; as, a nameless star.
- anon adv.
- Straightway; at once. [OE. anoon, anon, anan, lit., in one (moment), fr. AS. on in + an one. See On and One.]
- quoth v. t.
- Said; spoke; uttered; -- used only in the first and third persons in the past tenses, and always followed by its nominative, the word or words said being the object; as, quoth I. quoth he. [AS.cweedhan, imp cwæedh, pl. cwædon; akin to OS. queedhan, OHG. quethan, quedan, Icel. kveedha, Goth. qiþan. sq. root22. Cf. Bequeath.]
- gowned p. a.
- Dressed in a gown; clad.
- fain v. t.
- To be glad ; to wish or desire.
- queasy a.
- Sick at the stomach; affected with nausea; inclined to vomit; qualmish. [Icel. kweisa pain; cf. Norw. kveis sickness after a debauch.]
- hearten v. t.
- To encourage; to animate; to incite or stimulate the courage of; to embolden. [From Heart.]
- earning n.
- That which is earned; wages gained by work or services; money earned; -- used commonly in the plural.
- whit n.
- The smallest part or particle imaginable; a bit; a jot; an iota; -- generally used in an adverbial phrase in a negative sentence. [OE. wight, wiht, AS. wiht a creature, a thing. See Wight, and cf. Aught, Naught.]
- flagon n.
- A vessel with a narrow mouth, used for holding and conveying liquors. It is generally larger than a bottle, and of leather or stoneware rather than of glass. [F. flacon, for flascon, fr. OF. flasche, from LL. flasco. See Flask.]
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- strife n.
- The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
- rife a.
- Prevailing; prevalent; abounding. [AS. rif abundant, or Icel. rifr munificent; akin to OD. riff, rijve, abundant.]
- loftily adv.
- In a lofty manner or position; haughtily. [From Lofty.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
A Grammarian's Funeral is in the public domain. This text is taken from Dramatic Romances, Project Gutenberg ebook #4253; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Robert Browning, A Grammarian's Funeral, in Dramatic Lyrics (1842), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #4253, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/browning-dramatic-lyrics/a-grammarian-s-funeral.html, id L03552.
Form and metre
A Grammarian's Funeral is 148 lines in 6 stanzas. This poem did not settle on a metre of its own; the book it comes from is in iambic tetrameter. 92% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 7.5 syllables. 48 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 15% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in iambic tetrameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 -A-ABCBCDEDEFGFGHIHIJKJKLMLM corpse · togetherA · thorpes · tetherA · plainB · crowC · againB · rowC · thoughtD · intenserE · oughtD · censerE · cropF · sepultureG · topF · cultureG · excelsH · itI · citadel'sH · summitI · heightsJ · warningK · night'sJ · morningK · headL · beholdersM · deadL · shouldersM
- 2 ABAB-- croftA · weatherB · aloftA · togetherB · throat · apollo
- 3 ---A-ABCBCDEDEF-F-GHGHI-I-JKJK-----L-L note · follow · gone · diminishedA · anon · finishedA · sideB · cityC · prideB · pityC · worldD · escapingE · furledD · shapingE · sageF · him · pageF · him · leadG · uncertainH · saidG · curtainH · nextI · moment · textI · comment · leastJ · easyK · feastJ · queasyK · live · it · give · it · parts · fabricL · quartz · brickL
- 4 A-AABCBCDEDE-- placeA · us · graceA · chorusA · liveB · learningC · contriveB · earningC · escapesD · neverE · apesD · foreverE · head · him
- 5 ---A-ABCBCDCDCEFEFGHGHI-I-JKJKLKLKM-M-NONOP-P-Q-Q--- lead · him · he · redoubledA · narrowly · troubledA · firstB · dragonC · thirstB · flagonC · prematureD · gainC · sureD · bargainC · godE · burthenF · periodE · earthenF · clearG · meantH · hereG · instalmentH · successI · failure · yesI · lure · doJ · itK · pursueJ · itK · oneL · hitK · millionL · unitK · nextM · him · unperplexedM · him · strifeN · grammarO · rifeN · stammerO · beP · oun · deP · down · placeQ · purlieus · raceQ · curlews · below · there
- 6 --ABABCDCD know · there · formA · loosenedB · stormA · sendB · effectsC · iyingD · suspectsC · dyingD
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Let us begin and carry up this corpse, | 10 | ··˘/·/˘··· |
| Singing together. | 5 | /˘˘/˘ |
| Leave we the common crofts, the vulgar thorpes | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Each in its tether | 5 | ···/˘ |
| Sleeping safe on the bosom of the plain, | 10 | /˘···/˘··· |
| Cared-for till cock-crow: | 5 | ····· |
| Look out if yonder be not day again | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| Rimming the rock-row! | 5 | /˘··· |
| That's the appropriate country; there, man's thought, | 10 | ··˘/˘/˘··· |
| Rarer, intenser, | 5 | /˘··· |
| Self-gathered for an outbreak, as it ought, | 10 | ·/˘··/···· |
| Chafes in the censer. | 5 | ···/˘ |
| Leave we the unlettered plain its herd and crop; | 11 | ··········· |
| Seek we sepulture | 5 | ··/˘˘ |
| On a tall mountain, citied to the top, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Crowded with culture! | 5 | /˘·/˘ |
| All the peaks soar, but one the rest excels; | 10 | ········˘/ |
| Clouds overcome it; | 5 | ·/˘·· |
| No! Yonder sparkle is the citadel's | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| Circling its summit. | 6 | /˘˘·/˘ |
| Thither our path lies; wind we up the heights: | 10 | /˘/······· |
| Wait ye the warning? | 5 | ···/˘ |
| Our low life was the level's and the night's; | 10 | /····/˘··· |
| He's for the morning. | 5 | ···/˘ |
| Step to a tune, square chests, erect each head, | 10 | ······˘/·· |
| 'Ware the beholders! | 5 | ··˘/˘ |
| This is our master, famous calm and dead, | 10 | ··//˘/˘··· |
| Borne on our shoulders. | 6 | ··/˘/˘ |
| Sleep, crop and herd! sleep, darkling thorpe and croft, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Safe from the weather! | 5 | ···/˘ |
| He, whom we convoy to his grave aloft, | 10 | ···/····˘/ |
| Singing together, | 5 | /˘˘/˘ |
| He was a man born with thy face and throat, | 10 | ·········· |
| Lyric Apollo! | 5 | /˘˘/˘ |
| Long he lived nameless: how should spring take note | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Winter would follow? | 5 | /˘·/˘ |
| Till lo, the little touch, and youth was gone! | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Cramped and diminished, | 5 | ··˘/˘ |
| Moaned he, "New measures, other feet anon! | 10 | ···/˘/˘·˘/ |
| My dance is finished?" | 5 | ···/˘ |
| No, that's the world's way: (keep the mountain-side, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Make for the city!) | 5 | ···/˘ |
| He knew the signal, and stepped on with pride | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Over men's pity; | 5 | ···/˘ |
| Left play for work, and grappled with the world | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Bent on escaping: | 5 | ··˘/˘ |
| "What's in the scroll," quoth he, "thou keepest furled? | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Show me their shaping | 5 | ···/˘ |
| Theirs who most studied man, the bard and sage, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Give!"--So, he gowned him, | 5 | ····· |
| Straight got by heart that book to its last page: | 10 | ·········· |
| Learned, we found him. | 4 | ···· |
| Yea, but we found him bald too, eyes like lead, | 10 | ·········· |
| Accents uncertain: | 5 | /˘˘/˘ |
| "Time to taste life," another would have said, | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| "Up with the curtain!" | 5 | ···/˘ |
| This man said rather, "Actual life comes next? | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Patience a moment! | 5 | /˘·/˘ |
| Grant I have mastered learning's crabbed text, | 9 | ···/˘/˘·· |
| Still there's the comment. | 5 | ···/˘ |
| Let me know all! Prate not of most or least, | 10 | ·········· |
| Painful or easy! | 5 | /˘·/˘ |
| Even to the crumbs I'd fain eat up the feast, | 10 | /········· |
| Ay, nor feel queasy." | 5 | ···/˘ |
| Oh, such a life as he resolved to live, | 10 | ······˘/·· |
| When he had learned it, | 5 | ····· |
| When he had gathered all books had to give! | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Sooner, he spurned it. | 5 | /˘··· |
| Image the whole, then execute the parts-- | 10 | /˘···/˘··· |
| Fancy the fabric | 5 | /˘·/˘ |
| Quite, ere you build, ere steel strike fire from quartz, | 10 | ·······/·· |
| Ere mortar dab brick! | 5 | ·/˘·· |
| (Here's the town-gate reached: there's the market-place | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Gaping before us.) | 5 | /˘··· |
| Yea, this in him was the peculiar grace | 10 | ······˘/˘· |
| (Hearten our chorus!) | 6 | /˘/˘/˘ |
| That before living he'd learn how to live-- | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| No end to learning: | 5 | ···/˘ |
| Earn the means first-God surely will contrive | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| Use for our earning. | 6 | ··/˘/˘ |
| Others mistrust and say, "But time escapes: | 10 | /˘˘/····˘/ |
| Live now or never!" | 5 | ···/˘ |
| He said, "What's time? Leave Now for dogs and apes! | 10 | ·········· |
| Man has Forever." | 5 | ··˘/˘ |
| Back to his book then: deeper drooped his head: | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Calculus racked him: | 5 | /˘˘·· |
| Leaden before, his eyes grew dross of lead: | 10 | /˘········ |
| Tussis attacked him. | 5 | /˘˘/· |
| "Now, master, take a little rest!"--not he! | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| (Caution redoubled, | 5 | /˘˘/˘ |
| Step two abreast, the way winds narrowly!) | 9 | ··˘/···/˘ |
| Not a whit troubled | 5 | ···/˘ |
| Back to his studies, fresher than at first, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Fierce as a dragon | 5 | ···/˘ |
| He (soul-hydroptic with a sacred thirst) | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Sucked at the flagon. | 5 | ···/˘ |
| Oh, if we draw a circle premature, | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| Heedless of far gain, | 5 | /˘··· |
| Greedy for quick returns of profit, sure | 10 | /˘··˘/·/˘· |
| Bad is our bargain! | 6 | ··/˘/˘ |
| Was it not great? did not he throw on God, | 10 | ·········· |
| (He loves the burthen) | 5 | ···/˘ |
| God's task to make the heavenly period | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| Perfect the earthen? | 5 | ˘/·/˘ |
| Did not he magnify the mind, show clear | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Just what it all meant? | 5 | ····· |
| He would not discount life, as fools do here, | 10 | ···˘/····· |
| Paid by instalment. | 5 | ····· |
| He ventured neck or nothing-heaven's success | 11 | ·/˘··/˘/˘˘/ |
| Found, or earth's failure: | 5 | ···/˘ |
| "Wilt thou trust death or not?" He answered "Yes: | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Hence with life's pale lure!" | 5 | ····· |
| That low man seeks a little thing to do, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Sees it and does it: | 5 | ····· |
| This high man, with a great thing to pursue, | 10 | ········˘/ |
| Dies ere he knows it. | 5 | ····· |
| That low man goes on adding one to one, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| His hundred's soon hit: | 5 | ·/˘·· |
| This high man, aiming at a million, | 9 | ···/˘··/˘ |
| Misses an unit. | 5 | /˘·/˘ |
| That, has the world here-should he need the next, | 10 | ·········· |
| Let the world mind him! | 5 | ····· |
| This, throws himself on God, and unperplexed | 10 | ··˘/······ |
| Seeking shall find him. | 5 | /˘··· |
| So, with the throttling hands of death at strife, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Ground he at grammar; | 5 | ···/˘ |
| Still, thro' the rattle, parts of speech were rife: | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| While he could stammer | 5 | ···/˘ |
| He settled Hoti's business--let it be!-- | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Properly based Oun-- | 5 | /˘˘·· |
| Gave us the doctrine of the enclitic De, | 11 | ···/˘··˘/˘· |
| Dead from the waist down. | 5 | ····· |
| Well, here's the platform, here's the proper place: | 10 | ···/···/˘· |
| Hail to your purlieus, | 5 | ····· |
| All ye highfliers of the feathered race, | 9 | ··/˘··/˘· |
| Swallows and curlews! | 5 | /˘··· |
| Here's the top-peak; the multitude below | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Live, for they can, there: | 5 | ····· |
| This man decided not to Live but Know-- | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| Bury this man there? | 5 | /˘··· |
| Here--here's his place, where meteors shoot, clouds form, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Lightnings are loosened, | 5 | /˘·/˘ |
| Stars come and go! Let joy break with the storm, | 10 | ·········· |
| Peace let the dew send! | 5 | ····· |
| Lofty designs must close in like effects: | 10 | /˘˘/····˘/ |
| Loftily Iying, | 4 | /˘˘· |
| Leave him--still loftier than the world suspects, | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| Living and dying. | 5 | /˘·/˘ |
On this poem
"A Grammarian's Funeral" is an elegy of a typical pioneer scholar of the Renaissance period, sung by the leader of the chorus of disciples, and interspersed with parenthetical directions to them, while they all bear the body of their master to its appropriate burial-place on the highest mountain-peak. A humorous sense of disproportion in the labors of devoted scholarship to its results heightens their exaltation of the dead humanist's indomitable trust in the supremacy of the immaterial.
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.