Steel-Mills: South Chicago
This red hush toppling over the sky,Wanders one step toward the starsAnd dies in a questioning shiver.The steel-mill chimneys fling their gaunt seekingA little distance into the redThat softly combs their smoky hair.The steel-mill chimneys only live at nightWhen crimson light makes love to themAnd star-light trickles through the red,Like glimpses of some far-off fairy tale.Throughout the day the steel-mill chimneys standRigidly within the wind-whirled glare:Only night can bring them supple straightness.
From the little, brown gate that does not see themBecause its eyes are blind with wooing soot,An endless stream of men scatters outInto the cool bewilderment of morning.Upon their lips a limply child-like surrenderCurves out to the light, as though they feltThe presence of an unassuming strangeness.The morning hides from their eyes:They walk on, in great strides,Like blind men swinging over a well-known scene.Their faces twitch with echoes of iron fists:Their faces hold a swarthy stuporLoosened by little fingers of morning lightUntil it droops into reluctant life.And then their eyes, made flat by night,Swell into a Madonna-like surpriseAt children trooping back in huge disguise.The oranges in lunch-room windows changeTo sleek suns dipped in sleepy light,And rounded tarts in china platesAre like red heart-beats, resting but not dead.A trolley-car speeds byAnd seems a strident lyric of motion.Wagons rumble down the streetLike drums enticing weariness to step....The hearts of these steel-striding menAscend and blend within their eyes,And yet, these men are unaware of this.They only feel a fluid reliefVoicing, in a clustered roar,The cries of struggling thoughts unshaped by words.But there are some who break forth from the rest.This old Hungarian strides alongAnd binds naïvely-winged prayer-sandalsUpon the heavy feet of shuffling loves.Gently, he plays with his beardAs though his fingers touched a woman’s hair.And this young Slav whose surly blasphemyCurls his face into a simple hate,Has taken iron into his laughAnd uses it to hew his stony mind.While this Italian whose deep olive skinShines like sunlight groping through dense leaves,Forgets his battered happinessAnd bows with mock grace to his shouting day.Beside him is a fellow-countrymanWalking aimless, dazed with joy of motion.Upon his face a glistening vacancyLights the mildly querying thoughtsThat seek each other but never meet.Behind him steps a stalwart PoleWhose rhythmic, stately insolenceTurns the sidewalk into a grey carpet,Grey as the shades that race across his faceAnd show the savage squalor of his soul.Night has broken her heart upon him,Only scarring his bitter smile.A street of little, jack-o’-lantern housesVeering into leering saloons,Where the night, a crazy child,Dips herself in sallow rougeAnd chases oaths and heavy mirthAnd even human beings:Where the smoky sadness of the steel-millsWanders hesitantly into deathAnd drops a ghostly blur upon this girl.Her numbly waxen, cherub faceEmerges gently from the doorway’s blacknessAs though the dark had given birth to it.And then the falling light revealsThat something of a village hangs about her:Something slumbering and ample.The doorway is too small to holdHer shoulders that are like a hill’s broad curvesDwindled in the distance....She is one of many earth-curved girlsWho listened to the insistent tinkleOf wind-winged music from a far-off land:Listened and knew notThat their own hearts faintly played.So she ran to this far phantom,Only finding it within herselfWhen the city’s sly fists rained upon it.Then once more she fledWith a dead heart whose restless pallorCrept to squalid wantonness, for refuge.And now she stands within this doorway,Uttering muffled innuendoesTo the drained men of her race.Yet, something of a village hangs about her:Something slumbering and ampleStealing from the earth curves of her shoulders.
The steel-mill workers straggle down this street,Clanging shut the doorways of their souls,And the sound rips their lips open.The steel-mill workers do not know of this:They only seek something that will sweetenThe dirt that has eaten into their fleshAnd change it to raw music.They straggle down this street,Their faces slack and oiled with amorousness.Like cats they play with their desires,Biting them with little laughsUntil the sallow houses draw them in.And then the night pursues their revelry:Echoes from the shut doors of their souls.
Three bent women and a childStoop before the steel-mill gateAs though the morning’s ghastly murmurWashed against them in a waveStiffening them into resisting curves.One is old and floridly misshapen.Years have melted out within her frame,Flooding her with lukewarm loves.The wrinkles on her flabby faceAre like a faded scrawl of painScattered by the flesh on which it rests.Her frayed shawl hanging unaware of herIs a symbol of her heart.The woman standing at her sideIs tall and like a slanting scarecrowColdly jerking in the morning’s glare.Only when she lifts a bony handTapping life against her face,Does the image disappear.Dead dreams dangle in her heart,Limply hanging from their rainbow sashes,And whenever one sash trembles,Then, she lifts a gnarled hand to her faceAnd tastes a moment of departing life.Near her stands a slimly rigid womanWith an iron fear upon her bones.A worn strait-jacket of linesCuts the dying youth upon her face.The slender child beside her,Buried within staidly murky clothes,Glances frightenedly up at her mother:Glances as one who dances to a gateAnd fumbles for a latch that hides itself.Then from the rusty-reveried steel-mill gateAn endless stream of men scatter outInto the cool bewilderment of morning.Upon their lips a limply child-like surrenderCurves out to the light, as though they feltThe presence of an unassuming strangeness.
Words in this poem 40
- gaunt a.
- Attenuated, as with fasting or suffering; lean; meager; pinched and grim. [Cf. Norw. gand a thin pointed stick, a tall and thin man, and W. gwan weak.]
- rigidly v.
- In a rigid manner; stiffly.
- glare v. i.
- To shine with a bright, dazzling light. [OE. glaren, gloren; cf. AS. glær amber, LG. glaren to glow or burn like coals, D. gloren to glimmer; prob. akin to E. glass.]
- unassuming a.
- Not assuming; not bold or forward; not arrogant or presuming; humble; modest; retiring; as, an unassuming youth; unassuming manners.
- strangeness n.
- The state or quality of being strange (in any sense of the adjective).
- strident a.
- Characterized by harshness; grating; shrill. [L. stridens, -entis, p.pr. of stridere to make a grating or creaking noise.]
- unaware a.
- Not aware; not noticing; giving no heed; thoughtless; inattentive.
- unshaped a.
- Not shaped; shapeless; misshapen; deformed; ugly. [Pref. un- not + shaped, shapen.]
- surly a.
- Arrogant; haughty. Cotgrave. [Probably from sir, and originally meaning, sirlike, i.e., proud. See Sir, and Like, a.]
- aimless a.
- Without aim or purpose; as, an aimless life.
- vacancy n.
- The quality or state of being vacant; emptiness; hence, freedom from employment; intermission; leisure; idleness; listlessness. [Cf. F. vacance.]
- stalwart a.
- Brave; bold; strong; redoubted; daring; vehement; violent. [OE. stalworth, AS. stælwyrth serviceable, probably originally, good at stealing, or worth stealing or taking, and afterwards extended to other causes of estimat]
- rhythmic a.
- Pertaining to, or of the nature of, rhythm DAy and night I worked my rhythmic thought. Mrs. Browning. [Gr. rhythmicus, F. rhythmique.]
- insolence n.
- The quality of being unusual or novel. [F. insolence, L. insolentia. See Insolent.]
- sidewalk n.
- A walk for foot passengers at the side of a street or road; a foot pavement. [U.S.]
- squalor n.
- Squalidness; foulness; filthness; squalidity. [L., fr. squalere to be foul or filthy.]
- scarring n.
- A scar; a mark.
- sadness n.
- Heaviness; firmness.
- hesitantly adv.
- With hesitancy or doubt.
- ghostly a.
- Relating to the soul; not carnal or secular; spiritual; as, a ghostly confessor. [OE. gastlich, gostlich, AS. gastlic. See Ghost.]
- cherub n.
- A mysterious composite being, the winged footstool and chariot of the Almighty, described in Ezekiel i. and x. [Heb. kerub.]
- doorway n.
- The passage of a door; entrance way into a house or a room.
- insistent a.
- Standing or resting on something; as, an insistent wall. Sir H. [L. insistens, -entis, p. pr. of insistere.]
- pallor n.
- Paleness; want of color; pallidity; as, pallor of the complexion. Jer. Taylor. [L., fr. pallere to be or look pale. See Pale, a.]
- squalid a.
- Dirty through neglect; foul; filthy; extremely dirty. [L. squalidus, fr. squalere to be foul or filthy.]
- straggle v. i.
- To wander from the direct course or way; to rove; to stray; to wander from the line of march or desert the line of battle; as, when troops are on the march, the men should not straggle. [Freq. of OE. straken to roam, to stroke. See Stroke, v. t.]
- oiled a.
- Covered or treated with oil; dressed with, or soaked in, oil.
- amorousness n.
- The quality of being amorous, or inclined to sexual love; lovingness.
- stiffening n.
- Act or process of making stiff.
- floridly adv.
- In a florid manner.
- flooding n.
- The filling or covering with water or other fluid; overflow; inundation; the filling anything to excess.
- lukewarm a.
- Moderately warm; neither cold nor hot; tepid; not ardent; not zealous; cool; indifferent. [See Luke.]
- scrawl v. t.
- To draw or mark awkwardly and irregularly; to write hastily and carelessly; to scratch; to scribble; as, to scrawl a letter. [Probably corrupted from scrabble.]
- scarecrow n.
- Anything set up to frighten crows or other birds from cornfields; hence, anything terifying without danger.
- coldly adv.
- In a cold manner; without warmth, animation, or feeling; with indifference; calmly.
- dangle v. i.
- To hang loosely, or with a swinging or jerking motion. [Akin to Dan. dangle, dial. Sw. dangla, Dan. dingle, Sw. dingla, Icel. dingla; perh. from E. ding.]
- gnarled a.
- Knotty; full of knots or gnarls; twisted; crossgrained.
- slimly adv.
- In a state of slimness; in a slim manner; slenderly.
- staidly adv.
- In a staid manner, sedately.
- latch v. t.
- To smear; to anoint. [Cf. F. lécher to lick (of German origin). Cf. Lick.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Steel-Mills: South Chicago is in the public domain. This text is taken from Advice: A Book of Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #60252; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Maxwell Bodenheim, Steel-Mills: South Chicago, in Advice: A Book of Poems (1920), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #60252, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/bodenheim-advice/steel-mills-south-chicago.html, id L23403.
Form and metre
Steel-Mills: South Chicago is 158 lines in 4 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 85%).
See other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 ----AB--A--B- sky · stars · shiver · seeking · redA · hairB · night · them · redA · tale · stand · glareB · straightness
- 2 ------------A-ABB-A---C--C---------------D---D---EF-E-F-----------GG------------------------ them · soot · out · morning · surrender · felt · strangeness · eyes · strides · scene · fists · stupor · lightA · life · nightA · surpriseB · disguiseB · change · lightA · plates · dead · by · motionC · street · step · menC · eyes · this · relief · roar · words · rest · along · sandals · loves · beard · hair · blasphemy · hate · laugh · mind · skinD · leaves · happiness · day · countrymanD · motion · vacancy · thoughts · meetE · poleF · insolence · carpetE · face · soulF · him · smile · houses · saloons · child · rouge · mirth · beings · mills · death · girl · faceG · blacknessG · it · reveals · her · ample · hold · curves · distance · girls · tinkle · land · not · played · phantom · herself · it · fled · pallor · refuge · doorway · innuendoes · race · her · ample · shoulders
- 3 AB-----A-----B streetA · soulsB · open · this · sweeten · flesh · music · streetA · amorousness · desires · laughs · in · revelry · soulsB
- 4 -----A---A-----B--B-------------------- child · gate · murmur · wave · curves · misshapenA · frame · loves · face · painA · rests · her · heart · side · scarecrow · glareB · hand · face · disappearB · heart · sashes · trembles · face · life · woman · bones · lines · face · her · clothes · mother · gate · itself · gate · out · morning · surrender · felt · strangeness
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| This red hush toppling over the sky, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Wanders one step toward the stars | 8 | /˘······ |
| And dies in a questioning shiver. | 9 | ····/˘˘/˘ |
| The steel-mill chimneys fling their gaunt seeking | 10 | ···/˘···/˘ |
| A little distance into the red | 9 | ·/˘/˘···· |
| That softly combs their smoky hair. | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| The steel-mill chimneys only live at night | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| When crimson light makes love to them | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| And star-light trickles through the red, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Like glimpses of some far-off fairy tale. | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Throughout the day the steel-mill chimneys stand | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Rigidly within the wind-whirled glare: | 8 | /˘······ |
| Only night can bring them supple straightness. | 10 | /˘····/˘/˘ |
| From the little, brown gate that does not see them | 11 | ··/˘······· |
| Because its eyes are blind with wooing soot, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| An endless stream of men scatters out | 9 | ·/˘···/˘· |
| Into the cool bewilderment of morning. | 10 | ····˘/˘·/˘ |
| Upon their lips a limply child-like surrender | 12 | ·········˘/˘ |
| Curves out to the light, as though they felt | 9 | ········· |
| The presence of an unassuming strangeness. | 11 | ·/˘···˘/˘/˘ |
| The morning hides from their eyes: | 7 | ·/˘···· |
| They walk on, in great strides, | 6 | ······ |
| Like blind men swinging over a well-known scene. | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Their faces twitch with echoes of iron fists: | 10 | ·/˘··/˘·/· |
| Their faces hold a swarthy stupor | 9 | ·/˘··/˘/˘ |
| Loosened by little fingers of morning light | 11 | /˘·/˘/˘·/˘· |
| Until it droops into reluctant life. | 10 | ······˘/˘· |
| And then their eyes, made flat by night, | 8 | ········ |
| Swell into a Madonna-like surprise | 10 | ····˘/˘·˘/ |
| At children trooping back in huge disguise. | 10 | ·/˘/˘···˘/ |
| The oranges in lunch-room windows change | 9 | ·/˘···/˘· |
| To sleek suns dipped in sleepy light, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| And rounded tarts in china plates | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Are like red heart-beats, resting but not dead. | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| A trolley-car speeds by | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| And seems a strident lyric of motion. | 10 | ···/˘/˘·/˘ |
| Wagons rumble down the street | 7 | /˘/˘··· |
| Like drums enticing weariness to step.... | 9 | ··˘/˘/˘·· |
| The hearts of these steel-striding men | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Ascend and blend within their eyes, | 8 | ˘/······ |
| And yet, these men are unaware of this. | 10 | ······˘/·· |
| They only feel a fluid relief | 9 | ·/˘··/˘˘/ |
| Voicing, in a clustered roar, | 8 | /˘··/˘˘· |
| The cries of struggling thoughts unshaped by words. | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| But there are some who break forth from the rest. | 10 | ·········· |
| This old Hungarian strides along | 8 | ··˘/˘·˘/ |
| And binds naïvely-winged prayer-sandals | 9 | ·······/˘ |
| Upon the heavy feet of shuffling loves. | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Gently, he plays with his beard | 7 | /˘····· |
| As though his fingers touched a woman’s hair. | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| And this young Slav whose surly blasphemy | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| Curls his face into a simple hate, | 9 | ······/˘· |
| Has taken iron into his laugh | 8 | ·/˘/···· |
| And uses it to hew his stony mind. | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| While this Italian whose deep olive skin | 10 | ··˘/˘··/˘· |
| Shines like sunlight groping through dense leaves, | 9 | ··/·/˘··· |
| Forgets his battered happiness | 8 | ˘/·/˘/˘˘ |
| And bows with mock grace to his shouting day. | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Beside him is a fellow-countryman | 9 | ˘/···/˘/˘ |
| Walking aimless, dazed with joy of motion. | 10 | /˘/˘····/˘ |
| Upon his face a glistening vacancy | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| Lights the mildly querying thoughts | 8 | ··/˘/˘˘· |
| That seek each other but never meet. | 8 | ···/˘·/· |
| Behind him steps a stalwart Pole | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Whose rhythmic, stately insolence | 8 | ·/˘/˘/˘˘ |
| Turns the sidewalk into a grey carpet, | 10 | ··/·····/˘ |
| Grey as the shades that race across his face | 10 | ······˘/·· |
| And show the savage squalor of his soul. | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Night has broken her heart upon him, | 9 | ··/˘····· |
| Only scarring his bitter smile. | 8 | /˘/˘·/˘· |
| A street of little, jack-o’-lantern houses | 11 | ···/˘··/˘/˘ |
| Veering into leering saloons, | 8 | /˘····˘/ |
| Where the night, a crazy child, | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Dips herself in sallow rouge | 7 | ·˘/·/˘· |
| And chases oaths and heavy mirth | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| And even human beings: | 7 | ·/˘/˘/˘ |
| Where the smoky sadness of the steel-mills | 10 | ··/˘/˘···· |
| Wanders hesitantly into death | 8 | /˘/˘˘··· |
| And drops a ghostly blur upon this girl. | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Her numbly waxen, cherub face | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| Emerges gently from the doorway’s blackness | 11 | ˘/˘/˘··/·/˘ |
| As though the dark had given birth to it. | 9 | ·····/··· |
| And then the falling light reveals | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| That something of a village hangs about her: | 11 | ·/˘··/˘···· |
| Something slumbering and ample. | 8 | /˘/˘˘·/˘ |
| The doorway is too small to hold | 8 | ·/······ |
| Her shoulders that are like a hill’s broad curves | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Dwindled in the distance.... | 7 | /˘˘··/˘ |
| She is one of many earth-curved girls | 8 | ····/··· |
| Who listened to the insistent tinkle | 10 | ·/˘··˘/˘/˘ |
| Of wind-winged music from a far-off land: | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Listened and knew not | 5 | /˘··· |
| That their own hearts faintly played. | 8 | ····/˘·˘ |
| So she ran to this far phantom, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Only finding it within herself | 9 | /˘/˘···˘/ |
| When the city’s sly fists rained upon it. | 10 | ··/˘······ |
| Then once more she fled | 5 | ····· |
| With a dead heart whose restless pallor | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| Crept to squalid wantonness, for refuge. | 10 | ··/˘/˘˘·/˘ |
| And now she stands within this doorway, | 9 | ·······/· |
| Uttering muffled innuendoes | 9 | /˘˘/˘˘˘/˘ |
| To the drained men of her race. | 8 | ···˘···· |
| Yet, something of a village hangs about her: | 11 | ·/˘··/˘···· |
| Something slumbering and ample | 8 | /˘/˘˘·/˘ |
| Stealing from the earth curves of her shoulders. | 10 | /˘······/˘ |
| The steel-mill workers straggle down this street, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Clanging shut the doorways of their souls, | 9 | /˘··/···· |
| And the sound rips their lips open. | 8 | ······/˘ |
| The steel-mill workers do not know of this: | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| They only seek something that will sweeten | 10 | ·/˘·/˘··/˘ |
| The dirt that has eaten into their flesh | 10 | ····/˘···· |
| And change it to raw music. | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| They straggle down this street, | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| Their faces slack and oiled with amorousness. | 11 | ·/˘····/˘˘˘ |
| Like cats they play with their desires, | 9 | ······˘/˘ |
| Biting them with little laughs | 7 | /˘··/˘· |
| Until the sallow houses draw them in. | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| And then the night pursues their revelry: | 9 | ····˘/·/˘ |
| Echoes from the shut doors of their souls. | 9 | /˘······· |
| Three bent women and a child | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Stoop before the steel-mill gate | 7 | ······· |
| As though the morning’s ghastly murmur | 9 | ···/˘/˘/˘ |
| Washed against them in a wave | 8 | ·˘······ |
| Stiffening them into resisting curves. | 9 | /˘···˘/˘· |
| One is old and floridly misshapen. | 10 | ····/˘˘˘/˘ |
| Years have melted out within her frame, | 9 | ··/˘····· |
| Flooding her with lukewarm loves. | 7 | /˘··//· |
| The wrinkles on her flabby face | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Are like a faded scrawl of pain | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Scattered by the flesh on which it rests. | 9 | /˘······· |
| Her frayed shawl hanging unaware of her | 10 | ···/˘·˘/·· |
| Is a symbol of her heart. | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| The woman standing at her side | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| Is tall and like a slanting scarecrow | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| Coldly jerking in the morning’s glare. | 9 | /˘/˘··/˘· |
| Only when she lifts a bony hand | 9 | /˘····/˘· |
| Tapping life against her face, | 7 | /˘····· |
| Does the image disappear. | 7 | ··/˘·˘/ |
| Dead dreams dangle in her heart, | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Limply hanging from their rainbow sashes, | 10 | ··/˘··/·/˘ |
| And whenever one sash trembles, | 8 | ·˘/˘··/˘ |
| Then, she lifts a gnarled hand to her face | 9 | ········· |
| And tastes a moment of departing life. | 10 | ···/˘·˘/˘· |
| Near her stands a slimly rigid woman | 10 | ····/˘/˘/˘ |
| With an iron fear upon her bones. | 8 | ··/····· |
| A worn strait-jacket of lines | 7 | ···/˘·· |
| Cuts the dying youth upon her face. | 9 | ··/˘····· |
| The slender child beside her, | 7 | ·/˘·˘/· |
| Buried within staidly murky clothes, | 9 | /˘··/˘/˘· |
| Glances frightenedly up at her mother: | 11 | /˘·······/˘ |
| Glances as one who dances to a gate | 10 | /˘···/˘··· |
| And fumbles for a latch that hides itself. | 10 | ·/˘·····˘/ |
| Then from the rusty-reveried steel-mill gate | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| An endless stream of men scatter out | 9 | ·/˘···/˘· |
| Into the cool bewilderment of morning. | 10 | ····˘/˘·/˘ |
| Upon their lips a limply child-like surrender | 12 | ·········˘/˘ |
| Curves out to the light, as though they felt | 9 | ········· |
| The presence of an unassuming strangeness. | 11 | ·/˘···˘/˘/˘ |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.