A Joyful Mind

Joanna Baillie (1762–1851) · 1790

iambic pentameter · heroic couplets · 98 lines · from Poems (1790)

The warping gloom of night is gather'd round;And varied darkness marks the uneven ground.A dimmer shade is on the mountain's brow,And deeper low'rs the lengthen'd vale below;While nearer objects all enlarged and dark,Their strange and shapeless forms uncouthly mark;Which thro' muddy night are dimly shown,Like old companions in a garb unknown.The heavy sheeted clouds are spread on high,And streaky darkness bounds the farther sky:And swift along the lighter vagrants sweep,Whilst clear stars thro' their riven edges peep.Soft thro' each ragged breach, and streamy rent,And open gaps in dusky circle pent,The upper heaven looks serenely brightIn dappled gold, and snowy fleeces dight:And on the middle current lightly glidesThe lesser cloud, with silver wreathy sides.In sudden gusts awakes the nightly breezeAcross the wood, and rustles thro' the trees;Or whistles on the plain with eddying sweep;Or issues from the glen in wailings deep,Which die away upon the open vale:Whilst in the pauses of the ruffling galeThe buzzing night-fly rises from the ground,And wings his flight in many a mazy round;And lonely owls begin their nightly strain,So hateful to the ear of 'nighted swain.Thou do'st the weary trav'ller mislead;Thy voice is roughsome, and uncooth thy weed,O gloomy Night! for black thy shadows be,And fools have rais'd a bad report on thee.Yet art thou free and friendly to the gay,And light hearts prize thee equal to the day.

Now tiresome plodding folks are gone to rest;And soothing slumber locks the careful breast.And tell-tale friends, and wise advisers snore;And softly slip-shod youths unbar the door.Now footsteps echo far, and watch-dogs bark;Worms glow, and cats' eyes glitter in the dark.The vagrant lover crosses moor and hill,And near the lowly cottage whistles shrill:Or, bolder grown, beneath the friendly shade,Taps at the window of his fav'rite maid;Who from above his simple tale receives,Whilst stupid matrons start, and think of thieves,Now daily fools unbar the narrow soul,All wise and gen'rous o'er the nightly bowl.The haunted wood receives its motley host,(By trav'ller shun'd) tho' neither fag nor ghost;And there the crackling bonfire blazes red,While merry vagrants feast beneath the shed.From sleepless beds unquiet spirits rise,And cunning wags put on their borrow'd guise:Whilst silly maidens mutter o'er their boon,And crop their fairy weeds beneath the moon:And harmless plotters slyly take the road,And trick and playful mischief is abroad.

But, lo! the moon looks forth in splendour bright,Fair and unclouded, from her middle height.The passing cloud unveils her kindly ray,And slowly sails its weary length away;While broken fragments from its fleecy side,In dusky bands before it swiftly glide;Their misty texture changing with the wind,A strange and scatter'd group, of motley kindAs ever earth or fruitful ocean fed,Or ever youthful poets fancy bred.His surgy length the wreathing serpent trails,And by his side the rugged camel sails:The winged griffith follows close behind,And spreads his dusky pinions to the wind.Athwart the sky in scatter'd bands they rangeFrom shape to shape, transform'd in endless change;Then piece meal torn, in ragged portions stray,Or thinly spreading, slowly melt away.A softer brightness covers all below;Hill, dale, and wood, in mellow'd colour's glow.High tow'rs the whiten'd rock in added strength;The brown heath shews afar its dreary length.The winding river glitters on the vale;And gilded trees wave in the passing gale.Upon the ground each black'ning shadow lies,And hasty darkness o'er the valley flies.Wide sheeting shadows travel o'er the plain,And swiftly close upon the varied scene.Return, O lovely moon! and look from high,All stately riding in thy motled sky,Yet, O thy beams in hasty visits come!As swiftly follow'd by the fleeting gloom.O Night! thy smiles are short, and short thy shade;Thou art a freakish friend, and all unstay'd:Yet from thy varied changes who are free?Full many an honest friend resembles thee.Then let my doubtful footsteps darkling stray,Thy next fair beam will set me on my way:E'en take thy freedom, whether rough or kind,I came not forth to quarrel with the wind.

Words in this poem 31
warping n.
The act or process of one who, or that which, warps.
vale n.
A tract of low ground, or of land between hills; a valley. [OE. val, F. val, L. vallis; perhaps akin to Gr. Avalanche, Vail to lower, Valley.]
dimly adv.
In a dim or obscure manner; not brightly or clearly; with imperfect sight.
garb n.
External appearance, as expressive of the feelings or character; looks; fashion or manner, as of speech. [OF. garbe looks, countenance, grace, ornament, fr. OHG. garawi, garwi, ornament, dress. akin to E. gear. See Gear, n.]
streamy a.
Abounding with streams, or with running water; streamful.
pent p. p.
Penned or shut up; confined; -- often with up. [From Pen, v. t.]
serenely adv.
In a serene manner; clearly.
dappled a.
Marked with spots of different shades of color; spotted; variegated; as, a dapple horse.
snowy a.
White like snow.
dight v. t.
To prepare; to put in order; hence, to dress, or put on; to array; to adorn. [OF. dihten, AS. dihtan to dictate, command, dispose, arrange, fr. L. dictare to say often, dictate, order; cf. G. dichten to write poetry, fr. L. dictare. See D]
wreathy a.
Wreathed; twisted; curled; spiral; also, full of wreaths.
nightly a.
Of or pertaining to the night, or to every night; happening or done by night, or every night; as, nightly shades; he kept nightly vigils.
hateful a.
Manifesting hate or hatred; malignant; malevolent.
plodding a.
Progressing in a slow, toilsome manner; characterized by laborious diligence; as, a plodding peddler; a plodding student; a man of plodding habits. --Plod"ding*ly, adv.
folks n.
In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
snore v. i.
To breathe with a rough, hoarse, nasal voice in sleep. [OE. snoren, AS. snora a snoring; akin to LG. snoren, snorken, snurken, to snore, D. snorken, G. schnarchen to snore, schnarren to rattle, MHG. snarren, Sw. snar]
unbar v. t.
To remove a bar or bars from; to unbolt; to open; as, to unbar a gate. Heber. [1st pref. un- + bar.]
haunted a.
Inhabited by, or subject to the visits of, apparitions; frequented by a ghost.
ghost n.
The spirit; the soul of man. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. gast breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]
bonfire n.
A large fire built in the open air, as an expression of public joy and exultation, or for amusement. [OE. bonefire, banefire, orig. a fire of bones; bone + fire; but cf. also Prov. E. bun a dry stalk.]
sleepless a.
Having no sleep; wakeful.
unquiet v. t.
To disquiet. Ld. Herbert. [1st pref. un- + quiet.]
boon n.
A prayer or petition. [OE. bone, boin, a petition, fr. Icel. b; akin to Sw. & Dan. b, AS. b, and perh. to E. ban; but influenced by F. bon good, fr. L. bonus. Ban, Bounty.]
splendour n.
Great brightness; brilliant luster; brilliancy; as, the splendor ot the sun. B. Jonson. [L. fr. splendere to shine: cf. F. splendeur.]
fleecy a.
Covered with, made of, or resembling, a fleece.
surgy a.
Rising in surges or billows; full of surges; resembling surges in motion or appearance; swelling.
afar adv.
At, to, or from a great distance; far away; -- often used with from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw him afar off. [Pref. a-.(for on or of) + far.]
dreary a.
Sorrowful; distressful. [OE. dreori, dreri, AS. dreórig, sad; akin to G. traurig, and prob. to AS. dreósan to fall, Goth. driusan. Cf. Dross, Drear, Drizzle, Drowse.]
sheeting n.
Cotton or linen cloth suitable for bed sheets. It is sometimes made of double width.
freakish a.
Apt to change the mind suddenly; whimsical; capricious.
darkling a.
Becoming dark or gloomy; frowing.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

A Joyful Mind is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems, &c. (1790) Wherein It Is Attempted To Describe Certain Views Of Nature And Of Rustic Manners; And Also, To Point Out, In Some Instances, The Different Influence Which The Same Circumstances Produce On Different Characters, Project Gutenberg ebook #14617; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Joanna Baillie, A Joyful Mind, in Poems (1790) (1790), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #14617, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/baillie-poems/a-joyful-mind.html, id L09868.

Form and metre

A Joyful Mind is 98 lines in 3 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 92% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 95%). 99% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.0 syllables. 6% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AA--BBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPP roundA · groundA · brow · below · darkB · markB · shownC · unknownC · highD · skyD · sweepE · peepE · rentF · pentF · brightG · dightG · glidesH · sidesH · breezeI · treesI · sweepJ · deepJ · valeK · galeK · groundL · roundL · strainM · swainM · misleadN · weedN · beO · theeO · gayP · dayP
  2. 2 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKK-- restA · breastA · snoreB · doorB · barkC · darkC · hillD · shrillD · shadeE · maidE · receivesF · thievesF · soulG · bowlG · hostH · ghostH · redI · shedI · riseJ · guiseJ · boonK · moonK · road · abroad
  3. 3 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMM--NN--OOPPQQRR brightA · heightA · rayB · awayB · sideC · glideC · windD · kindD · fedE · bredE · trailsF · sailsF · behindG · windG · rangeH · changeH · strayI · awayI · belowJ · glowJ · strengthK · lengthK · valeL · galeL · liesM · fliesM · plain · scene · highN · skyN · come · gloom · shadeO · unstay'dO · freeP · theeP · strayQ · wayQ · kindR · windR
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
The warping gloom of night is gather'd round;10·/˘····/˘·
And varied darkness marks the uneven ground.11·/˘/˘··˘/˘·
A dimmer shade is on the mountain's brow,10·/˘····/˘·
And deeper low'rs the lengthen'd vale below;10·/˘··/˘···
While nearer objects all enlarged and dark,10·/˘/˘·˘/··
Their strange and shapeless forms uncouthly mark;10···/˘·····
Which thro' muddy night are dimly shown,9··/˘··/˘·
Like old companions in a garb unknown.10··˘/˘···˘/
The heavy sheeted clouds are spread on high,10·/˘/˘·····
And streaky darkness bounds the farther sky:10·/˘/˘··/˘·
And swift along the lighter vagrants sweep,10··˘/·/˘/˘·
Whilst clear stars thro' their riven edges peep.10·····/˘/˘·
Soft thro' each ragged breach, and streamy rent,10···/˘··/˘·
And open gaps in dusky circle pent,10·/˘··/˘/˘·
The upper heaven looks serenely bright10·/˘/·˘/˘˘·
In dappled gold, and snowy fleeces dight:10··˘··/˘/˘·
And on the middle current lightly glides10···/˘/˘/˘·
The lesser cloud, with silver wreathy sides.10·/˘··/˘/˘·
In sudden gusts awakes the nightly breeze10·/˘·˘/·/˘·
Across the wood, and rustles thro' the trees;10˘/···/˘···
Or whistles on the plain with eddying sweep;10·/˘····/˘·
Or issues from the glen in wailings deep,10·/˘····/˘·
Which die away upon the open vale:10··˘/···/˘·
Whilst in the pauses of the ruffling gale10···/˘··/˘·
The buzzing night-fly rises from the ground,10·/˘··/˘···
And wings his flight in many a mazy round;10·····/·/˘·
And lonely owls begin their nightly strain,10·/˘·˘/·/˘·
So hateful to the ear of 'nighted swain.10·/˘····/˘·
Thou do'st the weary trav'ller mislead;9···/˘··˘/
Thy voice is roughsome, and uncooth thy weed,10··········
O gloomy Night! for black thy shadows be,10·/˘····/··
And fools have rais'd a bad report on thee.10······˘/··
Yet art thou free and friendly to the gay,10·····/˘···
And light hearts prize thee equal to the day.10·····/˘···
Now tiresome plodding folks are gone to rest;10·/˘/˘·····
And soothing slumber locks the careful breast.10·/˘/˘··/˘·
And tell-tale friends, and wise advisers snore;10······˘/˘·
And softly slip-shod youths unbar the door.10·/˘···˘/··
Now footsteps echo far, and watch-dogs bark;10·/·/˘·····
Worms glow, and cats' eyes glitter in the dark.10·····/˘···
The vagrant lover crosses moor and hill,10·/˘/˘/˘···
And near the lowly cottage whistles shrill:10···/˘/˘/˘·
Or, bolder grown, beneath the friendly shade,10·/˘····/˘·
Taps at the window of his fav'rite maid;10···/˘·····
Who from above his simple tale receives,10·····/˘·˘/
Whilst stupid matrons start, and think of thieves,10·/˘/˘·····
Now daily fools unbar the narrow soul,10·/˘·˘/·/˘·
All wise and gen'rous o'er the nightly bowl.10·······/˘·
The haunted wood receives its motley host,10·/˘·˘/·/˘·
(By trav'ller shun'd) tho' neither fag nor ghost;10·····/˘···
And there the crackling bonfire blazes red,10···/˘/˘/˘·
While merry vagrants feast beneath the shed.10·/˘/˘·····
From sleepless beds unquiet spirits rise,10·/˘·˘/˘/˘·
And cunning wags put on their borrow'd guise:10·/˘····/··
Whilst silly maidens mutter o'er their boon,10·/˘/˘/˘···
And crop their fairy weeds beneath the moon:10···/˘·····
And harmless plotters slyly take the road,10·/˘/˘/˘···
And trick and playful mischief is abroad.10···/˘/˘·˘/
But, lo! the moon looks forth in splendour bright,10·······/˘·
Fair and unclouded, from her middle height.10·······/˘·
The passing cloud unveils her kindly ray,10·/˘·˘/·/˘·
And slowly sails its weary length away;10·/˘··/˘·˘/
While broken fragments from its fleecy side,10·/˘/˘··/˘·
In dusky bands before it swiftly glide;10·/˘····/˘·
Their misty texture changing with the wind,10·/˘/˘/˘···
A strange and scatter'd group, of motley kind10···/˘··/˘·
As ever earth or fruitful ocean fed,10·/˘··/˘/˘·
Or ever youthful poets fancy bred.10·/˘/˘/˘/˘·
His surgy length the wreathing serpent trails,10·/˘··/˘/˘·
And by his side the rugged camel sails:10·····/˘/˘·
The winged griffith follows close behind,10··˘/˘/˘···
And spreads his dusky pinions to the wind.10···/˘/˘···
Athwart the sky in scatter'd bands they range10˘/···/˘···
From shape to shape, transform'd in endless change;10····˘/·/˘·
Then piece meal torn, in ragged portions stray,10·····/˘/˘·
Or thinly spreading, slowly melt away.10·/˘/˘/˘·˘/
A softer brightness covers all below;10·/˘/˘/˘···
Hill, dale, and wood, in mellow'd colour's glow.10·····/˘/˘·
High tow'rs the whiten'd rock in added strength;10·······/˘·
The brown heath shews afar its dreary length.10····˘/·/˘·
The winding river glitters on the vale;10·/˘/˘/˘···
And gilded trees wave in the passing gale.10·/˘····/˘·
Upon the ground each black'ning shadow lies,10·······/··
And hasty darkness o'er the valley flies.10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Wide sheeting shadows travel o'er the plain,10·/˘/·/˘···
And swiftly close upon the varied scene.10·/˘····/˘·
Return, O lovely moon! and look from high,10˘/·/˘·····
All stately riding in thy motled sky,10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Yet, O thy beams in hasty visits come!10·····/˘/˘·
As swiftly follow'd by the fleeting gloom.10·/˘/˘··/˘·
O Night! thy smiles are short, and short thy shade;10··········
Thou art a freakish friend, and all unstay'd:10···/˘·····
Yet from thy varied changes who are free?10···/˘/˘···
Full many an honest friend resembles thee.10·/·/˘·˘/˘·
Then let my doubtful footsteps darkling stray,10···/˘/·/˘·
Thy next fair beam will set me on my way:10··········
E'en take thy freedom, whether rough or kind,10···/˘·····
I came not forth to quarrel with the wind.10·····/˘···

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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