The Future

Matthew Arnold (1822–1888) · 1849–1867

anapaestic trimeter · unrhymed · 87 lines · from Poems

A wanderer is man from his birth.He was born in a shipOn the breast of the river of Time;Brimming with wonder and joy,He spreads out his arms to the light,Rivets his gaze on the banks of the stream.

As what he sees is, so have his thoughts been.Whether he wakesWhere the snowy mountainous pass,Echoing the screams of the eagles,Hems in its gorges the bedOf the new-born, clear-flowing stream;Whether he first sees lightWhere the river in gleaming ringsSluggishly winds through the plain;Whether in sound of the swallowing sea,--As is the world on the banks,So is the mind of the man.

Vainly does each, as he glides,Fable and dreamOf the lands which the river of TimeHad left ere he woke on its breast,Or shall reach when his eyes have been closed.Only the tract where he sailsHe wots of; only the thoughts,Raised by the objects he passes, are his.

Who can see the green earth any moreAs she was by the sources of Time?Who imagines her fields as they layIn the sunshine, unworn by the plough?Who thinks as they thought,The tribes who then roamed on her breast,Her vigorous, primitive sons?

What girlNow reads in her bosom as clearAs Rebekah read, when she sateAt eve by the palm-shaded well?Who guards in her breastAs deep, as pellucid a springOf feeling, as tranquil, as sure?

What bard,At the height of his vision, can deemOf God, of the world, of the soul,With a plainness as near,As flashing, as Moses felt,When he lay in the night by his flockOn the starlit Arabian waste?Can rise and obeyThe beck of the Spirit like him?

This tract which the river of TimeNow flows through with us, is the plain.Gone is the calm of its earlier shore.Bordered by cities, and hoarseWith a thousand cries is its stream.And we on its breast, our mindsAre confused as the cries which we hear,Changing and short as the sights which we see.

And we say that repose has fledForever the course of the river of Time.That cities will crowd to its edgeIn a blacker, incessanter line;That the din will be more on its banks,Denser the trade on its stream,Flatter the plain where it flows,Fiercer the sun overhead;That never will those on its breastSee an ennobling sight,Drink of the feeling of quiet again.

But what was before us we know not,And we know not what shall succeed.

Haply, the river of Time--As it grows, as the towns on its margeFling their wavering lightsOn a wider, statelier stream--May acquire, if not the calmOf its early mountainous shore,Yet a solemn peace of its own.

And the width of the waters, the hushOf the gray expanse where he floats,Freshening its current, and spotted with foamAs it draws to the ocean, may strikePeace to the soul of the man on its breast,--As the pale waste widens around him,As the banks fade dimmer away,As the stars come out, and the night-windBrings up the streamMurmurs and scents of the infinite sea.

Words in this poem

brimming a.
Full to the brim; overflowing.
snowy a.
White like snow.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
sunshine n.
The light of the sun, or the place where it shines; the direct rays of the sun, the place where they fall, or the warmth and light which they give.
sate v. t.
To satisfy the desire or appetite of; to satiate; to glut; to surfeit. [Probably shortened fr. satiate: cf. L. satus full. See Satiate.]
deem v. t.
To decide; to judge; to sentence; to condemn. [OE. demen to judge, condemn, AS. d, fr. d doom; akin to OFries. d, OS. ad, D. doemen, OHG. tuommen, Icel. dæma, Sw. dömma, Dan. dömme, Goth. d. See Doom, n., an]
plainness n.
The quality or state of being plain.
starlit a.
Lighted by the stars; starlight.
haply adv.
By hap, chance, luck, or accident; perhaps; it may be.
marge n.
Border; margin; edge; verge. [F. marge. See Margin.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Future is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #54985; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Matthew Arnold, The Future, in Poems (1849–1867), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #54985, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/arnold-poems/the-future.html, id L07057.

Form and metre

The Future is 87 lines in 11 verse paragraphs. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is anapaestic trimeter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 92%). 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 7.8 syllables. 1 line ends on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 37% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in anapaestic trimeter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 8 A------A--- fledA · time · edge · line · banks · stream · flows · overheadA · breast · sight · again
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against anapaestic trimeter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
A wanderer is man from his birth.8·/˘·····
He was born in a ship6······
On the breast of the river of Time;9·····/˘··
Brimming with wonder and joy,7/˘·/˘··
He spreads out his arms to the light,8········
Rivets his gaze on the banks of the stream.10/˘········
As what he sees is, so have his thoughts been.10··········
Whether he wakes4····
Where the snowy mountainous pass,8··/˘/˘˘·
Echoing the screams of the eagles,9/˘˘····/˘
Hems in its gorges the bed7···/˘··
Of the new-born, clear-flowing stream;8·····/˘·
Whether he first sees light6······
Where the river in gleaming rings8··/˘·/˘·
Sluggishly winds through the plain;7/˘˘····
Whether in sound of the swallowing sea,--9······/˘·
As is the world on the banks,7·······
So is the mind of the man.7·······
Vainly does each, as he glides,7/˘·····
Fable and dream4/˘··
Of the lands which the river of Time9·····/˘··
Had left ere he woke on its breast,8········
Or shall reach when his eyes have been closed.9·········
Only the tract where he sails7/˘·····
He wots of; only the thoughts,7···/˘··
Raised by the objects he passes, are his.10···˘/·/˘··
Who can see the green earth any more9······/˘·
As she was by the sources of Time?9·····/˘··
Who imagines her fields as they lay9·˘/˘·····
In the sunshine, unworn by the plough?9··/······
Who thinks as they thought,5·····
The tribes who then roamed on her breast,8········
Her vigorous, primitive sons?8·/˘˘/˘˘·
What girl2··
Now reads in her bosom as clear8····/˘··
As Rebekah read, when she sate8········
At eve by the palm-shaded well?8·····/˘·
Who guards in her breast5·····
As deep, as pellucid a spring8···˘/˘··
Of feeling, as tranquil, as sure?8·/˘·/˘··
What bard,2··
At the height of his vision, can deem9·····/˘··
Of God, of the world, of the soul,8········
With a plainness as near,6··/˘··
As flashing, as Moses felt,7·/˘·/˘·
When he lay in the night by his flock9·········
On the starlit Arabian waste?8··/˘˘/˘·
Can rise and obey5···˘/
The beck of the Spirit like him?8····/˘··
This tract which the river of Time8····/˘··
Now flows through with us, is the plain.8········
Gone is the calm of its earlier shore.9······/˘·
Bordered by cities, and hoarse8/˘˘·/˘··
With a thousand cries is its stream.8··/˘····
And we on its breast, our minds8·····/˘·
Are confused as the cries which we hear,9·˘/······
Changing and short as the sights which we see.10/˘········
And we say that repose has fled8····˘/··
Forever the course of the river of Time.11˘/˘····/˘··
That cities will crowd to its edge8·/˘·····
In a blacker, incessanter line;9··/˘·····
That the din will be more on its banks,9·········
Denser the trade on its stream,7/˘·····
Flatter the plain where it flows,7/˘·····
Fiercer the sun overhead;7/˘··/˘/
That never will those on its breast8·/˘·····
See an ennobling sight,6··˘/˘·
Drink of the feeling of quiet again.9···/˘·/˘/
But what was before us we know not,9·········
And we know not what shall succeed.8······˘/
Haply, the river of Time--7/˘·/˘··
As it grows, as the towns on its marge9·········
Fling their wavering lights6··/˘˘·
On a wider, statelier stream--8··/˘····
May acquire, if not the calm8·˘/˘····
Of its early mountainous shore,8··/˘/˘˘·
Yet a solemn peace of its own.8··/˘····
And the width of the waters, the hush9·····/˘··
Of the gray expanse where he floats,8···˘/···
Freshening its current, and spotted with foam10/˘·/˘·/˘··
As it draws to the ocean, may strike8·····/··
Peace to the soul of the man on its breast,--10··········
As the pale waste widens around him,9····/˘···
As the banks fade dimmer away,8····/˘˘/
As the stars come out, and the night-wind9·········
Brings up the stream4····
Murmurs and scents of the infinite sea.9/˘····/˘·

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