Heine’s Grave

Matthew Arnold (1822–1888) · 1849–1867

iambic pentameter · unrhymed · 232 lines · from Poems

“Henri Heine”--’tis here!The black tombstone, the nameCarved there--no more; and the smooth,Swarded alleys, the limesTouched with yellow by hotSummer, but under them still,In September’s bright afternoon,Shadow, and verdure, and cool.Trim Montmartre! the faintMurmur of Paris outside;Crisp everlasting-flowers,Yellow and black, on the graves.

Half blind, palsied, in pain,Hither to come, from the streets’Uproar, surely not loathWast thou, Heine! to lieQuiet, to ask for closedShutters, and darkened room,And cool drinks, and an easedPosture, and opium, no more;Hither to come, and to sleepUnder the wings of Renown.

Ah! not little, when painIs most quelling, and manEasily quelled, and the fineTemper of genius so soonThrills at each smart, is the praise,Not to have yielded to pain!No small boast, for a weakSon of mankind, to the earthPinned by the thunder, to rearHis bolt-scathed front to the stars;And, undaunted, retort’Gainst thick-crashing, insane,Tyrannous tempests of bale,Arrowy lightnings of soul.

Hark! through the alley resoundsMocking laughter! A filmCreeps o’er the sunshine; a breezeRuffles the warm afternoon,Saddens my soul with its chill.Gibing of spirits in scornShakes every leaf of the grove,Mars the benignant reposeOf this amiable home of the dead.

Bitter spirits, ye claimHeine? Alas, he is yours!Only a moment I longedHere in the quiet to snatchFrom such mates the outwornPoet, and steep him in calm.Only a moment! I knewWhose he was who is hereBuried: I knew he was yours!Ah! I knew that I sawHere no sepulchre builtIn the laurelled rock, o’er the blueNaples bay, for a sweetTender Virgil; no tombOn Ravenna sands, in the shadeOf Ravenna pines, for a highAustere Dante; no graveBy the Avon side, in the brightStratford meadows, for thee,Shakspeare, loveliest of souls,Peerless in radiance, in joy!

What, then, so harsh and malign,Heine! distils from thy life?Poisons the peace of thy grave?

I chide with thee not, that thy sharpUpbraidings often assailedEngland, my country; for we,Heavy and sad, for her sons,Long since, deep in our hearts,Echo the blame of her foes.We too sigh that she flags;We too say that she now--Scarce comprehending the voiceOf her greatest, golden-mouthed sonsOf a former age any more--Stupidly travels her roundOf mechanic business, and letsSlow die out of her lifeGlory, and genius, and joy.

So thou arraign’st her, her foe;So we arraign her, her sons.Yes, we arraign her! but she,The weary Titan, with deafEars, and labor-dimmed eyes,Regarding neither to rightNor left, goes passively by,Staggering on to her goal;Bearing on shoulders immense,Atlanteän, the load,Well-nigh not to be borne,Of the too vast orb of her fate.

But was it thou--I thinkSurely it was!--that bardUnnamed, who, Goethe said,Had every other gift, but wanted love--Love, without which the tongueEven of angels sounds amiss?

Charm is the glory which makesSong of the poet divine.Love is the fountain of charm.How without charm wilt thou draw,Poet! the world to thy way?Not by the lightnings of wit,Not by the thunder of scorn.These to the world too are given;Wit it possesses, and scorn:Charm is the poet’s alone.Hollow and dull are the great,And artists envious, and the mob profane.We know all this, we know!Cam’st thou from heaven, O childOf light! but this to declare?Alas! to help us forgetSuch barren knowledge a while,God gave the poet his song.

Therefore a secret unrestTortured thee, brilliant and bold;Therefore triumph itselfTasted amiss to thy soul.Therefore, with blood of thy foes,Trickled in silence thine own.Therefore the victor’s heartBroke on the field of his fame.

Ah! as of old, from the pompOf Italian Milan, the fairFlower of marble of whiteSouthern palaces,--stepsBordered by statues, and walksTerraced, and orange bowersHeavy with fragrance,--the blondGerman Kaiser full oftLonged himself back to the fields,Rivers, and high-roofed townsOf his native Germany; so,So, how often! from hotParis drawing-rooms, and lampsBlazing, and brilliant crowds,Starred and jewelled, of menFamous, of women the queensOf dazzling converse; from fumesOf praise, hot, heady fumes, to the poor brainThat mount, that madden,--how oftHeine’s spirit outwornLonged itself out of the din,Back to the tranquil, the coolFar German home of his youth!

See! in the May afternoon,O’er the fresh short turf of the Hartz,A youth, with the foot of youth,Heine! thou climbest again:Up through the tall dark firsWarming their heads in the sun,Checkering the grass with their shade;Up by the stream, with its hugeMoss-hung bowlders, and thinMusical water half-hid;Up o’er the rock-strewn slope,With the sinking sun, and the airChill, and the shadows nowLong on the gray hillside,--To the stone-roofed hut at the top!

Or, yet later, in watchOn the roof of the Brocken-towerThou standest, gazing!--to seeThe broad red sun over field,Forest, and city, and spire,And mist-tracked steam of the wide,Wide German land, going downIn a bank of vapors,--againStandest, at nightfall, alone!

Or, next morning, with limbsRested by slumber, and heartFreshened and light with the May,O’er the gracious spurs coming downOf the Lower Hartz, among oaksAnd beechen coverts, and copseOf hazels green, in whose depthIlse, the fairy transformed,In a thousand water-breaks lightPours her petulant youth;Climbing the rock which jutsO’er the valley,--the dizzily perchedRock,--to its iron crossOnce more thou cling’st; to the crossClingest! with smiles, with a sigh!

Goethe too had been there.In the long-past winter he cameTo the frozen Hartz, with his soulPassionate, eager; his youthAll in ferment. But he,Destined to work and to live,Left it, and thou, alas!Only to laugh and to die.

But something prompts me: Not thusTake leave of Heine! not thusSpeak the last word at his grave!Not in pity, and notWith half censure: with aweHail, as it passes from earthScattering lightnings, that soul!

The Spirit of the world,Beholding the absurdity of men,--Their vaunts, their feats,--let a sardonic smile,For one short moment, wander o’er his lips.That smile was Heine! For its earthly hourThe strange guest sparkled; now ’tis passed away.

That was Heine! and we,Myriads who live, who have lived,What are we all, but a mood,A single mood, of the lifeOf the Spirit in whom we exist,Who alone is all things in one?

Spirit, who fillest us all!Spirit, who utterest in eachNew-coming son of mankindSuch of thy thoughts as thou wilt!O thou, one of whose moods,Bitter and strange, was the lifeOf Heine,--his strange, alas!His bitter life,--may a lifeOther and milder be mine!May’st thou a mood more serene,Happier, have uttered in mine!May’st thou the rapture of peaceDeep have imbreathed at its core;Made it a ray of thy thought,Made it a beat of thy joy!

Words in this poem 31
tombstone n.
A stone erected over a grave, to preserve the memory of the deceased.
swarded a.
Covered with sward. Mrs. Browning.
afternoon n.
The part of the day which follows noon, between noon and evening.
palsied a.
Affected with palsy; paralyzed.
loath a.
Hateful; odious; disliked. [OE. looth, loth, AS. la hostile, odious; akin to OS. l, G. leid, Icel. lei, Sw. led, G. leiden to suffer, OHG. lidan to suffer, go, cf. AS. li to go, Goth. leip]
wast
The second person singular of the verb be, in the indicative mood, imperfect tense; -- now used only in solemn or poetical style.
undaunted a.
Not daunted; not subdued or depressed by fear.
crashing n.
The noise of many things falling and breaking at once.
tyrannous a.
Tyrannical; arbitrary; unjustly severe; despotic. Sir P.
arrowy a.
Consisting of arrows.
sunshine n.
The light of the sun, or the place where it shines; the direct rays of the sun, the place where they fall, or the warmth and light which they give.
benignant a.
Kind; gracious; favorable. [LL. benignans, p. pr. of benignare, from L. benignus. See Benign.]
amiable a.
Lovable; lovely; pleasing. [F. amiable, L. amicabilis friendly, fr. amicus friend, fr. amare to love. The meaning has been influenced by F. aimable, L. amabilis lovable, fr. amare to love.]
sepulchre n.
The place in which the dead body of a human being is interred, or a place set apart for that purpose; a grave; a tomb. [OE. sepulcre, OF. sepulcre, F. sépulcre, fr. L. sepulcrum, sepulchrum, fr. sepelire to bury.]
scarce a.
Not plentiful or abundant; in small quantity in proportion to the demand; not easily to be procured; rare; uncommon. [OE. scars, OF. escars, eschars, LL. scarpsus, for L. excerptus, p. p. of excerpere to pick out, and hence to contract, to shorten; ex (see Ex-) + carpere. See C]
arraign v. t.
To call or set as a prisoner at the bar of a court to answer to the matter charged in an indictment or complaint. Blackstone. [OE. arainen, arenen, OF. aragnier, aranier, araisnier, F. arraisonner, fr. LL. arrationare to address to call before court; L. ad + ratio reason, reasoning, LL.]
passively adv.
In a passive manner; inertly; unresistingly.
envious a.
Malignant; mischievous; spiteful. [OF. envios, F. envieux, fr. L. invidiosus, fr. invidia envy. See Envy, and cf. Invidious.]
unrest n.
Want of rest or repose; unquietness; sleeplessness; uneasiness; disquietude.
broke v. i.
To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
kaiser n.
The ancient title of emperors of Germany assumed by King William of Prussia when crowned sovereign of the new German empire in 1871. [Gr., fr. L. Caesar. Cf. Kesar, and Czar.]
starred a.
Adorned or studded with stars; bespangled. [From Star.]
heady a.
Willful; rash; precipitate; hurried on by will or passion; ungovernable. [From Head.]
madden v. t.
To make mad; to drive to madness; to craze; to excite violently with passion; to make very angry; to enrage.
nightfall n.
The close of the day.
beechen a.
Consisting, or made, of the wood or bark of the beech; belonging to the beech. [AS. b.]
copse n.
A wood of small growth; a thicket of brushwood. See Coppice. [Contr. from coppice.]
petulant a.
Forward; pert; insolent; wanton. Burton. [L. petulans, -antis, prop., making slight attacks upon, from a lost dim. of petere to fall upon, to attack: cf. F. pétulant. See Petition.]
dizzily adv.
In a dizzy manner or state.
beholding a.
Obliged; beholden.
sardonic a.
Forced; unnatural; insincere; hence, derisive, mocking, malignant, or bitterly sarcastic; -- applied only to a laugh, smile, or some facial semblance of gayety.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Heine’s Grave is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #54985; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Matthew Arnold, Heine’s Grave, in Poems (1849–1867), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #54985, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/arnold-poems/heine-s-grave.html, id L07067.

Form and metre

Heine’s Grave is 232 lines in 20 verse paragraphs. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. 88% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 7.0 syllables. 9 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 47% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 3 A----A-----A-- painA · man · fine · soon · praise · painA · weak · earth · rear · stars · retort · insaneA · bale · soul
  2. 5 -A----B-A--B---C--C-- claim · yoursA · longed · snatch · outworn · calm · knewB · here · yoursA · saw · built · blueB · sweet · tomb · shade · highC · grave · bright · theeC · souls · joy
  3. 7 ---A-----A----- sharp · assailed · we · sonsA · hearts · foes · flags · now · voice · sonsA · more · round · lets · life · joy
  4. 8 --A---A----- foe · sons · sheA · deaf · eyes · right · byA · goal · immense · load · borne · fate
  5. 10 ------ABAB-B------ makes · divine · charm · draw · way · wit · scornA · givenB · scornA · aloneB · great · profaneB · know · child · declare · forget · while · song
  6. 12 -------A----------A---- pomp · fair · white · steps · walks · bowers · blond · oftA · fields · towns · so · hot · lamps · crowds · men · queens · fumes · brain · oftA · outworn · din · cool · youth
  7. 15 ------------AA- limbs · heart · may · down · oaks · copse · depth · transformed · light · youth · juts · perched · crossA · crossA · sigh
  8. 16 ----A--A there · came · soul · youth · heA · live · alas · dieA
  9. 17 AA----- thusA · thusA · grave · not · awe · earth · soul
  10. 20 -----A-AB-B---- all · each · mankind · wilt · moods · lifeA · alas · lifeA · mineB · serene · mineB · peace · core · thought · joy
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
“Henri Heine”--’tis here!5/˘···
The black tombstone, the name6··/···
Carved there--no more; and the smooth,8·˘······
Swarded alleys, the limes6/˘/˘··
Touched with yellow by hot7·˘·/˘··
Summer, but under them still,7/˘·····
In September’s bright afternoon,8·˘/˘··˘/
Shadow, and verdure, and cool.7/··/˘··
Trim Montmartre! the faint5·····
Murmur of Paris outside;7/˘·/˘//
Crisp everlasting-flowers,7··˘/˘/˘
Yellow and black, on the graves.7/˘·····
Half blind, palsied, in pain,6··/˘··
Hither to come, from the streets’7/˘·····
Uproar, surely not loath6/·/˘··
Wast thou, Heine! to lie5·····
Quiet, to ask for closed7/˘····˘
Shutters, and darkened room,7/˘·/˘˘·
And cool drinks, and an eased7······˘
Posture, and opium, no more;8/˘·/˘˘··
Hither to come, and to sleep7/˘·····
Under the wings of Renown.7·····˘/
Ah! not little, when pain6··/˘··
Is most quelling, and man6··/˘··
Easily quelled, and the fine8/˘˘·˘···
Temper of genius so soon7/˘·/˘··
Thrills at each smart, is the praise,7·······
Not to have yielded to pain!7···/˘··
No small boast, for a weak6······
Son of mankind, to the earth7··//···
Pinned by the thunder, to rear8·˘··/˘··
His bolt-scathed front to the stars;8···˘····
And, undaunted, retort6·˘/˘/·
’Gainst thick-crashing, insane,6··/˘˘/
Tyrannous tempests of bale,7/˘˘/˘··
Arrowy lightnings of soul.7/˘˘/˘··
Hark! through the alley resounds7···/˘·/
Mocking laughter! A film6/˘/˘··
Creeps o’er the sunshine; a breeze7···/···
Ruffles the warm afternoon,7/˘···˘/
Saddens my soul with its chill.7/˘·····
Gibing of spirits in scorn7···/˘··
Shakes every leaf of the grove,8·/˘˘····
Mars the benignant repose7··˘/˘˘/
Of this amiable home of the dead.8··/˘····
Bitter spirits, ye claim6/˘/˘··
Heine? Alas, he is yours!6·˘/···
Only a moment I longed8/˘·/˘··˘
Here in the quiet to snatch7···/˘··
From such mates the outworn6······
Poet, and steep him in calm.7/˘·····
Only a moment! I knew7/˘·/˘··
Whose he was who is here6······
Buried: I knew he was yours!7/˘·····
Ah! I knew that I saw6······
Here no sepulchre built5·····
In the laurelled rock, o’er the blue8··/˘····
Naples bay, for a sweet6/˘····
Tender Virgil; no tomb6/˘/˘··
On Ravenna sands, in the shade8·˘/˘····
Of Ravenna pines, for a high8·˘/˘····
Austere Dante; no grave6˘//˘··
By the Avon side, in the bright8··/˘····
Stratford meadows, for thee,6/˘/···
Shakspeare, loveliest of souls,7·······
Peerless in radiance, in joy!8/˘·/˘˘··
What, then, so harsh and malign,7·····˘/
Heine! distils from thy life?6·˘/···
Poisons the peace of thy grave?7/˘·····
I chide with thee not, that thy sharp8········
Upbraidings often assailed8···/˘˘/˘
England, my country; for we,7/˘·/˘··
Heavy and sad, for her sons,7/˘·····
Long since, deep in our hearts,7····/˘·
Echo the blame of her foes.7/˘·····
We too sigh that she flags;6······
We too say that she now--6······
Scarce comprehending the voice7··˘/˘··
Of her greatest, golden-mouthed sons8··/˘/˘··
Of a former age any more--8··/˘·/˘·
Stupidly travels her round7/˘˘/˘··
Of mechanic business, and lets8·˘/˘/˘··
Slow die out of her life6······
Glory, and genius, and joy.7/˘·/˘··
So thou arraign’st her, her foe;7·······
So we arraign her, her sons.7··˘/···
Yes, we arraign her! but she,7··˘/···
The weary Titan, with deaf7·/˘/˘··
Ears, and labor-dimmed eyes,7··/˘·˘·
Regarding neither to right7˘/˘/˘··
Nor left, goes passively by,7···/˘˘·
Staggering on to her goal;7/˘˘····
Bearing on shoulders immense,7/˘·/˘˘/
Atlanteän, the load,5·····
Well-nigh not to be borne,6······
Of the too vast orb of her fate.8········
But was it thou--I think6······
Surely it was!--that bard6/˘····
Unnamed, who, Goethe said,5˘/···
Had every other gift, but wanted love--10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Love, without which the tongue6······
Even of angels sounds amiss?8/˘·/˘·˘/
Charm is the glory which makes7···/˘··
Song of the poet divine.7···/˘˘/
Love is the fountain of charm.7···/˘··
How without charm wilt thou draw,7·······
Poet! the world to thy way?7/˘·····
Not by the lightnings of wit,7···/˘··
Not by the thunder of scorn.7···/˘··
These to the world too are given;8······/˘
Wit it possesses, and scorn:7··˘/˘··
Charm is the poet’s alone.7···/˘˘/
Hollow and dull are the great,7/˘·····
And artists envious, and the mob profane.10·/˘/˘···˘/
We know all this, we know!6······
Cam’st thou from heaven, O child7···/˘··
Of light! but this to declare?7·····˘/
Alas! to help us forget7˘/···˘/
Such barren knowledge a while,7·/˘/˘··
God gave the poet his song.7···/˘··
Therefore a secret unrest7···/˘˘/
Tortured thee, brilliant and bold;8/˘˘·/˘··
Therefore triumph itself6··/˘˘/
Tasted amiss to thy soul.7/˘˘/···
Therefore, with blood of thy foes,7·······
Trickled in silence thine own.8/˘˘·/˘··
Therefore the victor’s heart6···/˘·
Broke on the field of his fame.7·······
Ah! as of old, from the pomp7·······
Of Italian Milan, the fair8·˘/˘/···
Flower of marble of white7/˘·/˘··
Southern palaces,--steps6/˘/˘˘·
Bordered by statues, and walks8/˘˘·/···
Terraced, and orange bowers8/˘˘·/˘/˘
Heavy with fragrance,--the blond7/˘·/˘··
German Kaiser full oft6/˘/˘··
Longed himself back to the fields,8·˘˘/····
Rivers, and high-roofed towns7/˘···˘·
Of his native Germany; so,8··/˘/˘˘·
So, how often! from hot6··/˘··
Paris drawing-rooms, and lamps7/˘/˘···
Blazing, and brilliant crowds,6/˘·/˘·
Starred and jewelled, of men8·˘·/˘˘··
Famous, of women the queens7/˘·/˘··
Of dazzling converse; from fumes8·/˘˘˘/··
Of praise, hot, heady fumes, to the poor brain10···/˘·····
That mount, that madden,--how oft7···/˘··
Heine’s spirit outworn5·/˘··
Longed itself out of the din,8·˘˘/····
Back to the tranquil, the cool7···/˘··
Far German home of his youth!7·/˘····
See! in the May afternoon,7·····˘/
O’er the fresh short turf of the Hartz,8········
A youth, with the foot of youth,7·······
Heine! thou climbest again:6··/˘˘/
Up through the tall dark firs6······
Warming their heads in the sun,7/˘·····
Checkering the grass with their shade;8/˘˘·····
Up by the stream, with its huge7·······
Moss-hung bowlders, and thin6······
Musical water half-hid;7/˘˘/˘··
Up o’er the rock-strewn slope,6······
With the sinking sun, and the air8··/˘····
Chill, and the shadows now6···/··
Long on the gray hillside,--6····/·
To the stone-roofed hut at the top!8········
Or, yet later, in watch6··/˘··
On the roof of the Brocken-tower9·······/˘
Thou standest, gazing!--to see7·/˘/˘··
The broad red sun over field,7·······
Forest, and city, and spire,7/˘·/˘··
And mist-tracked steam of the wide,8···˘····
Wide German land, going down7·/˘·/˘·
In a bank of vapors,--again8····/˘˘/
Standest, at nightfall, alone!7/˘·/·˘/
Or, next morning, with limbs6··/˘··
Rested by slumber, and heart7/˘·/˘··
Freshened and light with the May,8/˘˘·····
O’er the gracious spurs coming down8··/˘·/˘·
Of the Lower Hartz, among oaks8··/˘····
And beechen coverts, and copse7·/˘/˘··
Of hazels green, in whose depth7·/˘····
Ilse, the fairy transformed,7··/˘˘/˘
In a thousand water-breaks light8··/˘/˘··
Pours her petulant youth;6··/˘˘·
Climbing the rock which juts6/˘····
O’er the valley,--the dizzily perched9··/˘·/˘˘·
Rock,--to its iron cross6···/˘·
Once more thou cling’st; to the cross7·······
Clingest! with smiles, with a sigh!7/˘·····
Goethe too had been there.5·····
In the long-past winter he came8····/˘··
To the frozen Hartz, with his soul8··/˘····
Passionate, eager; his youth7/˘˘/˘··
All in ferment. But he,6··˘/··
Destined to work and to live,8/˘˘·····
Left it, and thou, alas!6····˘/
Only to laugh and to die.7/˘·····
But something prompts me: Not thus7·/˘····
Take leave of Heine! not thus6······
Speak the last word at his grave!7·······
Not in pity, and not6··/˘··
With half censure: with awe6··/˘··
Hail, as it passes from earth7···/˘··
Scattering lightnings, that soul!7/˘˘/˘··
The Spirit of the world,6·/˘···
Beholding the absurdity of men,--9˘/˘·˘/˘··
Their vaunts, their feats,--let a sardonic smile,10······˘/˘·
For one short moment, wander o’er his lips.10···/˘/˘···
That smile was Heine! For its earthly hour9······/˘/
The strange guest sparkled; now ’tis passed away.10···/˘···˘/
That was Heine! and we,5·····
Myriads who live, who have lived,8/˘˘·····
What are we all, but a mood,7·······
A single mood, of the life7·/˘····
Of the Spirit in whom we exist,8··/···˘/
Who alone is all things in one?8·˘/·····
Spirit, who fillest us all!7/˘·/˘··
Spirit, who utterest in each8/˘·/˘˘··
New-coming son of mankind7·/˘··//
Such of thy thoughts as thou wilt!7·······
O thou, one of whose moods,6······
Bitter and strange, was the life7/˘·····
Of Heine,--his strange, alas!6····˘/
His bitter life,--may a life7·/˘····
Other and milder be mine!7/˘·/˘··
May’st thou a mood more serene,7·····˘/
Happier, have uttered in mine!8/˘˘·/˘··
May’st thou the rapture of peace7···/˘··
Deep have imbreathed at its core;8····˘···
Made it a ray of thy thought,7·······
Made it a beat of thy joy!7·······
Notes from the edition 1

Matthew Arnold's own notes to his Poems (Project Gutenberg #54985), each headed by the line it glosses.

  1. Stanza 16, line 1 See Harzreise im Winter, in Goethe’s Gedichte.

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