Act I

Matthew Arnold (1822–1888) · 1849–1867

iambic pentameter · 30 lines · from Poems

The mules, I think, will not be here this hour:They feel the cool wet turf under their feetBy the stream-side, after the dusty lanesIn which they have toiled all night from Catana,And scarcely will they budge a yard. O Pan,How gracious is the mountain at this hour!A thousand times have I been here alone,Or with the revellers from the mountain towns,But never on so fair a morn. The sunIs shining on the brilliant mountain crests,And on the highest pines; but farther down,Here in the valley, is in shade; the swardIs dark, and on the stream the mist still hangs;One sees one’s footprints crushed in the wet grass,One’s breath curls in the air; and on these pinesThat climb from the stream’s edge, the long gray tufts,Which the goats love, are jewelled thick with dew.Here will I stay till the slow litter comes.I have my harp too: that is well.--Apollo!What mortal could be sick or sorry here?I know not in what mind Empedocles,Whose mules I followed, may be coming up;But if, as most men say, he is half madWith exile, and with brooding on his wrongs,Pausanias, his sage friend, who mounts with him,Could scarce have lighted on a lovelier cure.The mules must be below, far down. I hearTheir tinkling bells, mixed with the song of birds,Rise faintly to me: now it stops!--Who’s here?Pausanias! and on foot? alone?

Words in this poem

budge a.
Brisk; stirring; jocund. South. [See Budge, v.]
morn n.
The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
scarce a.
Not plentiful or abundant; in small quantity in proportion to the demand; not easily to be procured; rare; uncommon. [OE. scars, OF. escars, eschars, LL. scarpsus, for L. excerptus, p. p. of excerpere to pick out, and hence to contract, to shorten; ex (see Ex-) + carpere. See C]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Act I is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #54985; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Matthew Arnold, Act I, in Poems (1849–1867), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #54985, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/arnold-poems/act-i.html, id L07026.

Form and metre

Act I is 30 lines in a single stanza. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 86%). 100% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.0 syllables. 1 line ends on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 23% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 A----AB------------C------C-CB hourA · feet · lanes · catana · pan · hourA · aloneB · towns · sun · crests · down · sward · hangs · grass · pines · tufts · dew · comes · apollo · hereC · empedocles · up · mad · wrongs · him · cure · hearC · birds · hereC · aloneB
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
The mules, I think, will not be here this hour:10·········/
They feel the cool wet turf under their feet10··········
By the stream-side, after the dusty lanes10·······/˘·
In which they have toiled all night from Catana,11···········
And scarcely will they budge a yard. O Pan,10·/˘·······
How gracious is the mountain at this hour!10·/˘··/˘··/
A thousand times have I been here alone,10·/˘·····˘/
Or with the revellers from the mountain towns,10···/˘··/˘·
But never on so fair a morn. The sun9·/·······
Is shining on the brilliant mountain crests,10·/˘··/˘/˘·
And on the highest pines; but farther down,10···/˘··/˘·
Here in the valley, is in shade; the sward10···/˘·····
Is dark, and on the stream the mist still hangs;10··········
One sees one’s footprints crushed in the wet grass,10···/······
One’s breath curls in the air; and on these pines10··········
That climb from the stream’s edge, the long gray tufts,10··········
Which the goats love, are jewelled thick with dew.10·····/˘···
Here will I stay till the slow litter comes.10·······/˘·
I have my harp too: that is well.--Apollo!11········˘/˘
What mortal could be sick or sorry here?10·/˘····/˘·
I know not in what mind Empedocles,9·········
Whose mules I followed, may be coming up;10···/˘··/˘·
But if, as most men say, he is half mad10··········
With exile, and with brooding on his wrongs,10·/···/˘···
Pausanias, his sage friend, who mounts with him,10··········
Could scarce have lighted on a lovelier cure.11···/˘······
The mules must be below, far down. I hear10··········
Their tinkling bells, mixed with the song of birds,10·/˘·······
Rise faintly to me: now it stops!--Who’s here?10·/˘·······
Pausanias! and on foot? alone?8······˘/

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