A Fable

Mark Akenside (1721–1770) · 1744

iambic pentameter · heroic couplets · 120 lines · from The Poetical Works of Mark Akenside

While yet the world was young, and men were few,Nor lurking fraud, nor tyrant rapine knew,In virtue rude, the gaudy arts they scorn'd,Which, virtue lost, degenerate times adorn'd:No sumptuous fabrics yet were seen to rise,Nor gushing fountains taught to invade the skies;With nature, art had not begun the strife,Nor swelling marble rose to mimic life;No pencil yet had learn'd to express the fair;The bounteous earth was all their homely care.

Then did Content exert her genial sway,And taught the peaceful world her power to obey--Content, a female of celestial race,Bright and complete in each celestial grace.Serenely fair she was, as rising day,And brighter than the sun's meridian ray;Joy of all hearts, delight of every eye,Nor grief nor pain appear'd when she was by;Her presence from the wretched banish'd care,Dispersed the swelling sigh, and stopp'd the falling tear.

Long did the nymph her regal state maintain,As long mankind were bless'd beneath her reign;Till dire Ambition, hellish fiend, aroseTo plague the world, and banish man's repose,A monster sprung from that rebellious crewWhich mighty Jove's Phlegraean thunder slew.Resolved to dispossess the royal fair,On all her friends he threaten'd open war;Fond of the novelty, vain, fickle manIn crowds to his infernal standard ran;And the weak maid, defenceless left alone,To avoid his rage, was forced to quit the throne.

It chanced, as wandering through the fields she stray'd,Forsook of all, and destitute of aid,Upon a rising mountain's flowery side,A pleasant cottage, roof'd with turf, she spied:Fast by a gloomy, venerable woodOf shady planes and ancient oaks it stood.Around, a various prospect charm'd the sight;Here waving harvests clad the field with white,Here a rough shaggy rock the clouds did pierce,From which a torrent rush'd with rapid force;Here mountain-woods diffused a dusky shade;Here flocks and herds in flowery valleys play'd,While o'er the matted grass the liquid crystal stray'd.In this sweet place there dwelt a cheerful pair,Though bent beneath the weight of many a year;Who, wisely flying public noise and strife,In this obscure retreat had pass'd their life;The husband Industry was call'd, Frugality the wife.With tenderest friendship mutually bless'd,No household jars had e'er disturbed their rest.A numerous offspring graced their homely board,That still with nature's simple gifts was stored.

The father rural business only knew;The sons the same delightful art pursue.An only daughter, as a goddess fair,Above the rest was the fond mother's care,Plenty; the brightest nymph of all the plain,Each heart's delight, adored by every swain.Soon as Content this charming scene espied,Joyful within herself the goddess cried:--'This happy sight my drooping heart doth raise;The gods, I hope, will grant me gentler days.When with prosperity my life was bless'd,In yonder house I've been a welcome guest:There now, perhaps, I may protection find;For royalty is banish'd from my mind;I'll thither haste: how happy should I be,If such a refuge were reserved for me!'

Thus spoke the fair; and straight she bent her wayTo the tall mountain, where the cottage lay:Arrived, she makes her changed condition known;Tells how the rebels drove her from the throne;What painful, dreary wilds she'd wander'd o'er;And shelter from the tyrant doth implore.

The faithful, aged pair at once were seizedWith joy and grief, at once were pain'd and pleased;Grief for their banish'd queen their hearts' possess'd,And joy succeeded for their future guest:'And if you'll deign, bright goddess, here to dwell,And with your presence grace our humble cell,Whate'er the gods have given with bounteous hand,Our harvest, fields, and flocks, our all command.'

Meantime, Ambition, on his rival's flight,Sole lord of man, attain'd his wish's height;Of all dependence on his subjects eased,He raged without a curb, and did whate'er he pleased;As some wild flame, driven on by furious winds,Wide spreads destruction, nor resistance finds;So rush'd the fiend destructive o'er the plain,Defaced the labours of th' industrious swain;Polluted every stream with human gore,And scatter'd plagues and death from shore to shore.

Great Jove beheld it from the Olympian towers,Where sate assembled all the heavenly powers;Then with a nod that shook the empyrean throne,Thus the Saturnian thunderer begun:--'You see, immortal inmates of the skies,How this vile wretch almighty power defies;His daring crimes, the blood which he has spilt,Demand a torment equal to his guilt.Then, Cyprian goddess, let thy mighty boySwift to the tyrant's guilty palace fly;There let him choose his sharpest, hottest dart,And with his former rival wound his heart.And thou, my son (the god to Hermes said),Snatch up thy wand, and plume thy heels and head;Dart through the yielding air with all thy force,And down to Pluto's realms direct thy course;There rouse Oblivion from her sable cave,Where dull she sits by Lethe's sluggish wave;Command her to secure the sacred bound.Where lives Content retired, and all aroundDiffuse the deepest glooms of Stygian night,And screen the virgin from the tyrant's sight;That the vain purpose of his life may tryStill to explore, what still eludes his eye.'He spoke; loud praises shake the bright abode,And all applaud the justice of the god.

Words in this poem 30
strife n.
The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
bounteous a.
Liberal in charity; disposed to give freely; generously liberal; munificent; beneficent; free in bestowing gifts; as, bounteous production. [OE. bountevous, fr. bounte bounty.]
homely a.
Belonging to, or having the characteristics of, home; domestic; familiar; intimate. [From Home, n.]
exert v. t.
To thrust forth; to emit; to push out. [L. exertus, exsertus, p.p. of exerere, exserere, to thrust out; ex out + serere to join or bind together. See Series, and cf. Exsert.]
genial a.
Contributing to, or concerned in, propagation or production; generative; procreative; productive. [L. genialis: cf. OF. genial. See Genius.]
serenely adv.
In a serene manner; clearly.
dire a.
Ill-boding; portentous; as, dire omens. [L. dirus; of uncertain origin.]
rebellious a.
Engaged in rebellion; disposed to rebel of the nature of rebels or of rebellion; resisting government or lawful authority by force.
avoid v. t.
To empty. Wyclif. [OF. esvuidier, es (L. ex) + vuidier, voidier, to empty. See Void, a.]
clad v.
To clothe. Holland.
graced a.
Endowed with grace; beautiful; full of graces; honorable.
yonder adv.
At a distance, but within view. [OE. yonder, ýonder; cf. OD. ginder, Goth. jaindr there. Yond, adv.]
spoke n.
The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly. [OE. spoke, spake, AS, spaca; akin to D. speek, LG. speke, OHG. speihha, G. speiche. sq. root170. Cf. Spike a nail.]
drove n.
A collection of cattle driven, or cattle collected for driving; a number of animals, as oxen, sheep, or swine, driven in a body. [AS. draf, fr. drifan to drive. See Drive.]
dreary a.
Sorrowful; distressful. [OE. dreori, dreri, AS. dreórig, sad; akin to G. traurig, and prob. to AS. dreósan to fall, Goth. driusan. Cf. Dross, Drear, Drizzle, Drowse.]
deign v. t.
To esteem worthy; to consider worth notice; -- opposed to disdain. [OE. deinen, deignen, OF. degner, deigner, daigner, F. daigner, fr. L. dignari to deem worthy, deign, fr. dignus worthy; akin to decere to be fitting. See Decent]
dwell v. i.
To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
industrious a.
Given to industry; characterized by diligence; constantly, regularly, or habitually occupied; busy; assiduous; not slothful or idle; -- commonly implying devotion to lawful and useful labor. [L. industrius, industriosus: cf. F. industrieux. See Industry.]
jove n.
The chief divinity of the ancient Romans; Jupiter. [L. Jupiter, gen. Jovis, OL. Jovis, nom. & gen. for Djovis; akin to E. Tuesday. See Tuesday, and cf. Jupiter.]
sate v. t.
To satisfy the desire or appetite of; to satiate; to glut; to surfeit. [Probably shortened fr. satiate: cf. L. satus full. See Satiate.]
shook v. t.
To pack, as staves, in a shook.
empyrean n.
The highest heaven, where the pure element of fire was supposed by the ancients to subsist. [See Empyreal.]
saturnian a.
Of or pertaining to Saturn, whose age or reign, from the mildness and wisdom of his government, is called the golden age. [L. Saturnius.]
thunderer n.
One who thunders; -- used especially as a translation of L.
cyprian a.
Belonging to Cyprus.
oblivion n.
The act of forgetting, or the state of being forgotten; cessation of remembrance; forgetfulness. [L. oblivio, akin to oblivisci to forget: cf. OF. oblivion.]
sable n.
A carnivorous animal of the Weasel family (Mustela zibellina) native of the northern latitudes of Europe, Asia, and America, -- noted for its fine, soft, and valuable fur. [OF. sable, F. zibeline sable (in sense 4), LL. sabellum; cf. D. sabel, Dan. sabel, zobel, Sw. sabel, sobel, G. zobel; all fr. Russ. sóbole.]
stygian a.
Of or pertaining to the river Styx; hence, hellish; infernal.
explore v. t.
To seek for or after; to strive to attain by search; to look wisely and carefully for. [L. explorare to explore; ex out+plorare to cry out aloud,prob. orig., to cause to flow; perh. akin to E. flow: cf. F. explorer.]
abode n.
Act of waiting; delay. [OE. abad, abood, fr. abiden to abide. See Abide. For the change of vowel, cf. abode, imp. of abide.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

A Fable is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poetical Works of Mark Akenside, Project Gutenberg ebook #9814; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Mark Akenside, A Fable, in The Poetical Works of Mark Akenside (1744), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #9814, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/akenside-poems/a-fable.html, id L09549.

Form and metre

A Fable is 120 lines in 9 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 88% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 90%). 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.1 syllables. 2 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 8% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABBCCDDEE fewA · knewA · scorn'dB · adorn'dB · riseC · skiesC · strifeD · lifeD · fairE · careE
  2. 2 AABBAACCDD swayA · obeyA · raceB · graceB · dayA · rayA · eyeC · byC · careD · tearD
  3. 3 AABBCCDDEEFF maintainA · reignA · aroseB · reposeB · crewC · slewC · fairD · warD · manE · ranE · aloneF · throneF
  4. 4 AABBCCDD--AAAEEFFFGGHH stray'dA · aidA · sideB · spiedB · woodC · stoodC · sightD · whiteD · pierce · force · shadeA · play'dA · stray'dA · pairE · yearE · strifeF · lifeF · wifeF · bless'dG · restG · boardH · storedH
  5. 5 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHH knewA · pursueA · fairB · careB · plainC · swainC · espiedD · criedD · raiseE · daysE · bless'dF · guestF · findG · mindG · beH · meH
  6. 6 AABB-- wayA · layA · knownB · throneB · o'er · implore
  7. 7 AABBCCDD seizedA · pleasedA · possess'dB · guestB · dwellC · cellC · handD · commandD
  8. 8 AABBCCDDEE flightA · heightA · easedB · pleasedB · windsC · findsC · plainD · swainD · goreE · shoreE
  9. 9 AA--BBCC-DEEFFGGHHIIJJDD-- towersA · powersA · throne · begun · skiesB · defiesB · spiltC · guiltC · boy · flyD · dartE · heartE · saidF · headF · forceG · courseG · caveH · waveH · boundI · aroundI · nightJ · sightJ · tryD · eyeD · abode · god
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
While yet the world was young, and men were few,10··········
Nor lurking fraud, nor tyrant rapine knew,10·/˘··/˘/˘·
In virtue rude, the gaudy arts they scorn'd,10·/˘··/˘···
Which, virtue lost, degenerate times adorn'd:10·/˘·˘/˘·˘/
No sumptuous fabrics yet were seen to rise,10·/˘/˘·····
Nor gushing fountains taught to invade the skies;11·/˘/˘··˘/··
With nature, art had not begun the strife,10·/˘···˘/··
Nor swelling marble rose to mimic life;10·/˘/˘··/˘·
No pencil yet had learn'd to express the fair;11·/˘····˘/··
The bounteous earth was all their homely care.11·/˘˘····/˘·
Then did Content exert her genial sway,10··˘/˘/·/˘·
And taught the peaceful world her power to obey--11···/˘··/·˘/
Content, a female of celestial race,10˘/·/··˘/˘·
Bright and complete in each celestial grace.10··˘/··˘/˘·
Serenely fair she was, as rising day,10˘/˘····/˘·
And brighter than the sun's meridian ray;10·/···˘/˘˘·
Joy of all hearts, delight of every eye,10····˘/·/˘·
Nor grief nor pain appear'd when she was by;10····˘/····
Her presence from the wretched banish'd care,10·/˘··/˘/˘·
Dispersed the swelling sigh, and stopp'd the falling tear.12˘/·/˘····/˘·
Long did the nymph her regal state maintain,10·····/˘·˘/
As long mankind were bless'd beneath her reign;10··//······
Till dire Ambition, hellish fiend, arose10··˘/˘/˘·˘/
To plague the world, and banish man's repose,10·····/˘·˘/
A monster sprung from that rebellious crew10·/˘···˘/˘·
Which mighty Jove's Phlegraean thunder slew.9·/˘···/˘·
Resolved to dispossess the royal fair,10˘/··˘/·/˘·
On all her friends he threaten'd open war;10·····/˘/˘·
Fond of the novelty, vain, fickle man10···/˘˘·/˘·
In crowds to his infernal standard ran;10····˘/˘/˘·
And the weak maid, defenceless left alone,11·········˘/
To avoid his rage, was forced to quit the throne.11·˘/········
It chanced, as wandering through the fields she stray'd,10···/˘·····
Forsook of all, and destitute of aid,10˘/···/˘···
Upon a rising mountain's flowery side,10···/˘/˘/˘·
A pleasant cottage, roof'd with turf, she spied:10·/˘/˘·····
Fast by a gloomy, venerable wood10···/˘/˘˘˘·
Of shady planes and ancient oaks it stood.10·/˘··/˘···
Around, a various prospect charm'd the sight;10···/˘/˘···
Here waving harvests clad the field with white,10·/˘/˘·····
Here a rough shaggy rock the clouds did pierce,10···/˘·····
From which a torrent rush'd with rapid force;10···/˘··/˘·
Here mountain-woods diffused a dusky shade;10·/˘·˘/·/˘·
Here flocks and herds in flowery valleys play'd,10·····/˘/˘·
While o'er the matted grass the liquid crystal stray'd.12···/˘··/˘/˘·
In this sweet place there dwelt a cheerful pair,10·······/˘·
Though bent beneath the weight of many a year;10·······/··
Who, wisely flying public noise and strife,10·/˘/˘/˘···
In this obscure retreat had pass'd their life;10··˘/˘/····
The husband Industry was call'd, Frugality the wife.12·/˘/˘··˘/˘··
With tenderest friendship mutually bless'd,10·/˘/˘/˘˘˘·
No household jars had e'er disturbed their rest.10·/····˘/··
A numerous offspring graced their homely board,10·/˘/···/˘·
That still with nature's simple gifts was stored.10···/˘/˘···
The father rural business only knew;10·/˘/˘/˘/˘·
The sons the same delightful art pursue.10····˘/˘·˘/
An only daughter, as a goddess fair,10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Above the rest was the fond mother's care,10·······/˘·
Plenty; the brightest nymph of all the plain,10/˘·/˘·····
Each heart's delight, adored by every swain.10··˘/˘/·/˘·
Soon as Content this charming scene espied,9··˘/·/˘··
Joyful within herself the goddess cried:--10/˘··˘/·/˘·
'This happy sight my drooping heart doth raise;10·/˘··/˘···
The gods, I hope, will grant me gentler days.10·······/˘·
When with prosperity my life was bless'd,10··˘/˘˘····
In yonder house I've been a welcome guest:10·/˘····/˘·
There now, perhaps, I may protection find;10··˘/··˘/˘·
For royalty is banish'd from my mind;10·/˘˘·/˘···
I'll thither haste: how happy should I be,10·/˘··/˘···
If such a refuge were reserved for me!'10···/˘·˘/··
Thus spoke the fair; and straight she bent her way10··········
To the tall mountain, where the cottage lay:10···/˘··/˘·
Arrived, she makes her changed condition known;10˘/····˘/˘·
Tells how the rebels drove her from the throne;10···/˘·····
What painful, dreary wilds she'd wander'd o'er;10·/˘/˘··/˘·
And shelter from the tyrant doth implore.10·/˘··/˘·˘/
The faithful, aged pair at once were seized10·/˘······˘
With joy and grief, at once were pain'd and pleased;10··········
Grief for their banish'd queen their hearts' possess'd,10···/˘···˘/
And joy succeeded for their future guest:10··˘/˘··/˘·
'And if you'll deign, bright goddess, here to dwell,10·····/˘···
And with your presence grace our humble cell,10···/˘·//˘·
Whate'er the gods have given with bounteous hand,12˘˘/···/·/˘˘·
Our harvest, fields, and flocks, our all command.'10//˘···/·˘/
Meantime, Ambition, on his rival's flight,10/·˘/˘··/˘·
Sole lord of man, attain'd his wish's height;10····˘/·/˘·
Of all dependence on his subjects eased,10··˘/˘··/˘·
He raged without a curb, and did whate'er he pleased;13········˘˘/··
As some wild flame, driven on by furious winds,10····/··/˘·
Wide spreads destruction, nor resistance finds;10··˘/˘·˘/˘·
So rush'd the fiend destructive o'er the plain,10····˘/˘···
Defaced the labours of th' industrious swain;10˘/·/˘·˘/˘·
Polluted every stream with human gore,10˘/˘/˘··/˘·
And scatter'd plagues and death from shore to shore.10·/˘·······
Great Jove beheld it from the Olympian towers,11··˘/···˘/˘/
Where sate assembled all the heavenly powers;10··˘/˘··/˘/
Then with a nod that shook the empyrean throne,11···········
Thus the Saturnian thunderer begun:--11··˘/˘˘/˘˘/˘
'You see, immortal inmates of the skies,10··˘/˘/····
How this vile wretch almighty power defies;10····˘/˘/˘/
His daring crimes, the blood which he has spilt,10·/˘·······
Demand a torment equal to his guilt.10˘/·/·/˘···
Then, Cyprian goddess, let thy mighty boy10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Swift to the tyrant's guilty palace fly;10···/˘/˘/˘·
There let him choose his sharpest, hottest dart,10·····/˘/˘·
And with his former rival wound his heart.10···/˘/˘···
And thou, my son (the god to Hermes said),10·······/˘·
Snatch up thy wand, and plume thy heels and head;10··········
Dart through the yielding air with all thy force,10···/˘·····
And down to Pluto's realms direct thy course;10···/˘·˘/··
There rouse Oblivion from her sable cave,10··˘/˘··/˘·
Where dull she sits by Lethe's sluggish wave;9······/˘·
Command her to secure the sacred bound.10˘/··˘/·/˘·
Where lives Content retired, and all around10··˘/˘/····
Diffuse the deepest glooms of Stygian night,10˘/·/˘··/˘·
And screen the virgin from the tyrant's sight;10···/˘··/˘·
That the vain purpose of his life may try10···/˘·····
Still to explore, what still eludes his eye.'10··˘/··˘/··
He spoke; loud praises shake the bright abode,10···/˘···˘/
And all applaud the justice of the god.10··˘/·/˘···

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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